Communication Strategies Essay

Technology is something we all use every day. It could be your cell phone, laptop, tablet, or anything else you prefer. Sadly to say, we also become dependent on these different types of technology. If you have dealt with technology enough in your lifetime, you know that it will fail you at some point in time. It is always at the most inconvenient times as well. Having an effective communication strategy to use while your technology or network isn’t available is very important. Should something happen to your network, you should have troubleshooting steps or a communication strategy readily available. It is the responsibility of the organization or business to make sure there is a communication strategy available. According to our text, an organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources them to produce outputs (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The technical definition focuses on three elements of an organization. Capitol and labor are primary production factors provided by the environment (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). I’m not familiar with many organizations, so the organization that I am most familiar with is the military, the Air Force to be exact. Working in an office setting and also being a technical administrator, I constantly dealt with communication issues. When I think of a digital firm, I think of a firm in which nearly all of the organization’s significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediated just like the text states (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The internet is also the first thing that comes to my mind and I will be the first to admit that I use it for everything. I have become very dependent upon Google. I can think of millions of digital firms. Digital firms sense and respond to their environments far more rapidly than traditional firms; giving them more flexibility to survive in turbulent times (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Digital firms place an emphasis on the digitization of business processes and services through sophisticated technology and information systems. Technology adoption has been increasing as digital firms continually look to achieve greater levels cost savings, competitive advantage, and operational performance optimization. The organization I choose to discuss is the United Services Automobile Association (USAA). It is a Fortune 500 financial services company offering banking, investing, and insurance to people and families that serve, or served, in the United States military. I became a member of this organization early 2009 and I do not ever see myself leaving this organization. I rate them five stars on their technology resources and systems. USAA uses technology in various areas within the organization to provide such a good â€Å"Customer Relationship Management† system. They provide to their customers online banking, mobile banking, the option to deposit checks from home, pay home or car insurance online, pay bills, submit insurance claims, and these are to just name a few. Whenever I call their 1-800 number, I rarely have to speak to a human unless I absolutely need to because almost everything is automated with them. Information systems or technology is very important in organizations today because more than 23 million managers and 113 million workers in the labor force rely on information systems to conduct business (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). That is a good deal of people. It is no wonder that Information Technology is such a growing career field with excellent salaries. Also, because of information systems, more people have the option to work from home. Information systems are essential for conducting day-to-day business in the United States and most other advanced countries, as well as achieving strategic business objectives (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Doctor offices, retail stores, travel agencies, and many personal services use technology every day. Many business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six-strategic business objectives: products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and survival (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Information systems are also the number one reason global marketing is so successful today. For example, many people choose to do online shopping during the holiday’s because it is less of a hassle, less stressful, and you can choose your own shopping hours. I have become a fan of online shopping as well because the sales are just as good as in-store sales. Internet service firms, such as Google, eBay, and Amazon, are able to replicate their business models and services in multiple countries without having to redesign their expensive fixed-cost information systems infrastructure (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). My personal favorite with USAA is their mobile banking. It is great having your banking information at the tip of your fingers. With so much identify theft and fraud in the world today, it is great to be able to see your account information in detail. If you look around, almost everyone owns a cell phone and most of them are smart phones. It is best to use these gadgets to their full capacity. I don’t always have time to stop by the bank or call to speak to a representative to have them make a transaction for me. I even have the option to schedule transactions’ so I will not have to remember to do it each day or month. It is more convenient to do it myself from my phone or computer versus doing it in person. I cannot recall the last time I actually paid any bills in person or mailed a payment in. I don’t think I will ever go back to that method if I can help it because I am all about saving time and making things simpler. As with everything, there are advantages and disadvantages and technology is no different. Although I feel that technology has made the population a bit lazier, we all have to admit it did make things in life a lot easier. I can recall being a technical administrator in the United States Air Force. Sadly to say, whenever we had power outages almost everything shut down. My fellow employees always thought that this meant go home for the rest of the day. Many times it did mean that. I tried not to fall victim to this because I am one of those people who feel like there is always work to be done. It was those times when I realized how heavily we depended on technology. I often wonder how advance technology will be 10 or 15 years from now and will everyone be able to keep up. I also worry about our senior citizens and I sympathize with them a great deal. My young nieces already know how to work computers, smart phones, you name it. Sometimes they teach me things about technology. While it made things simpler for the younger generation, it made things a lot more complex for our senior citizens. I often see my grandmother struggling to keep up with any assistance she may get because to renew or apply for it, she has to do it on the internet. Without any of my family’s assistance, she would never be able to do this. Most of our senior citizens are used to buying stamps and sending their mail off to the post office. Hopefully things don’t get too advanced for them. We must not leave them struggling to keep up. No matter what you’re viewpoint is on technology, we have to face the fact that it’s not going anywhere. References Haltiwanger, J., Lynch, L., & Mackie, C. (2007). Understanding Business Dynamics: An Integrated Data System for America’s Future. National Academies Press, Washington, 000000DC Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J. P. (2012). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. (12th ed) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall

Psychological Approach – Wuthering Heights

According to Freud, there are three different kinds of mental processes that result in three kinds of personalities. These are Id, Ego and Superego. These three parts in Freud’s model of the psyche help explain mental maturity and development. In Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights, Catherine symbolizes the impressionable ego and was pulled between Heathcliff, which represents the id, and Edgar, which represents superego. Her struggle between these two opposing forces and inability to choose between them is what ultimately lead her into delirium.The id in Freud’s model of the psyche is related to the man’s instinctive attitude and desires. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people seek to meet their physiological and safety needs before moving on to fulfill their desire for love and belonging. As a child, Heathcliff was far more occupied with trying to survive on the streets of Liverpool than emotional development. After being taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, and thus freed from these more basic desires, Heathcliff was allowed cultivate these feelings of love and belonging in Catherine.Conversely, because of Hindley’s abusiveness, especially in the wake of the death of their father, Catherine had to turn to Heathcliff to fulfill her desire for love and belonging. Perpetually, Heathcliff became representative of the fulfillment of these desires to Catherine. On the other hand, the superego is representative of society and focuses on balance, proper behavior, and goodness. Obviously, Edgar is the archetypal example of this idea. As the Linton siblings were born into privilege, both Edgar and Isabella had their physiological and safety needs fulfilled very early on.They were raised to be sophisticated, independent, and developed members of society. During her stay at Thrushcross Grange, Catherine recognized these more developed traits in Edgar, and instinctively tried to gravitate towards developing her own superego in his presence. This was demonstrated in Catherine’s desire to become more womanlike and cultured and her subsequent transformation at her return five weeks later from her stay at Thrushcross. Thus, as the result of her development of her id with Heathcliff and uperego with Edgar, Catherine is heavily entwined in her relationships between both of these characters. The ego of Freud’s model aims to keep a balance by negotiating with the id and pleasing the superego, and Catherine is the prime example of this as she tried to balance her life between Heathcliff and Edgar. Though Catherine intuitively gravitated to Edgar because of his more advanced psyche, she couldn’t bear to leave Heathcliff, whom she believes is more representative of herself.In fact, both Heathcliff and Catherine grew to be so emotionally intertwined that Catherine professed to Nelly, â€Å"I am Heathcliff,† indicating that she put much more devotion and significance in her relationship wit h Heathcliff over Edgar. Therefore, this pull in her psyche between what she should be drawn to and what she actually desires is what ultimately makes Catherine spiral down into madness. Though there were other factors to take into consideration that lead to Catherine’s descent into insanity, ultimately it is her ambivalence between her id (Heathcliff) and superego (Edgar) that pulls her into two.

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Proposal - Essay Example These retention strategies make them be retained in the firm and perform their jobs at optimum levels. Retention of employees is a complex and a multi-faceted challenge, which can negatively impact on an organization’s profit margins and productivity if it is not addressed effectively. An improved incentive system raises the performance orientation and retention of an employee. Retention is used by many firms so as to reduce the turnover costs. Employee retention is also very crucial since it prevents talented staff from being poached. Therefore, for the long-term success of a company it is a must that the firm develops and retains talented, satisfied and performance-oriented. Employee retention is very crucial to any organization, and it is very demanding for the employees. In the current world, attracting and retaining young and skilled employees is often difficult but equally important. Many employers are faced with the problem of searching for a younger workforce that has different attitudes concerning work, coupled with an increasing population of older workers who are heading towards retirement. Majority of organizations have resolved to retain their good managers and employees. In that perspective, retention of employees needs to be examined in the most comprehensive manner since it impacts both negatively and positively on the business. That is the research paper will examine the impact of retention strategies on employee motivation. Sandya and Kumar (2011:1778) defined employee retention as a process by which workers are encouraged to stay with their current employers for the maximum possible time. Although it is a difficult job, it is beneficial to both the employer and employee. On the other hand, Sandya and Kumar (2011) added that employee retention is the process by which employee are encouraged to remain with the organization they are working with currently for a long time. Employees

Developmental psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developmental psychology - Essay Example This viewpoint leaves no room for the nature part of the debate because if the mind is blank at birth, this means that there has been no role of genetics or heredity. According to him, it is only the nurture that shapes and stimulates the mind because at the time of our birth, we do not own any already developed personality traits. This points to the fact that a child can be made to develop any kind of personality through nurture which includes his social interactions, surroundings, experiences, cultural aspects, religion, and etcetera. Hence, according to Locke, a child’s mind depends upon the society for its formulation. Jean Jacques Rousseau’s views on nature versus nurture debate The French philosopher, Rousseau, believed that the nature is responsible for the development of behavioral characteristics of an individual and contrary to what Locke’s believed, Rousseau stated that human mind is somewhat developed when a child is born and it does show behavior tha t the child has inherited from its parents (Crain). That means genes are responsible for the makeup of the human mind. Rousseau believed that no one of us knows what our nature wants us to become. We are helpless because whatever our nature, inherited to us through biological factors, has intended for us will come our way.

UCC and the Sale of Products and Services Essay

UCC and the Sale of Products and Services - Essay Example The purpose of coming up with the act was to bring about substantial uniformity in trade laws and enhance flexibility within member states so as to meet local situations. The roles of the code relate to transactions involving movable or personal property, chief among them being modernizing the contract laws and creating exceptions from common law. However, the Uniform Commercial Code does not deal with real or immovable property. The code is a product of many private firms and consists of a recommendation of laws that need to be adopted by the states. A board has been enacted to oversee the enactment and has come up with various official comments. It does not have the power to act on the state but used the tool of courts to interpret the code and determine the effects of one or more provisions through harmonization with laws of other states that have adopted similar provisions. The code acts in general and governs the sale of goods by setting up provisions of uniformity of sales acro ss the various places of operation. Several states have come up with adjustments so as to conform to the local procedures such as the elimination of hyphens, use of different titles, changes in the structure and creation of sub-divisions. All these are enhanced to create flexibility and uniformity in application of the code among the regions. The guiding rules of the code are to allow people to contract freely and fill all missing requirements when the agreements are oral. The role is to implement uniform trade and streamline all necessary items like checks process, note and other currency. The law acts to differentiate the merchants who are well equipped with business information they are in and the customer who lack information on product quality. The code also seeks to eliminate the use of legal structures when contracts are made so as to ensure free trade where lawyers do no interrupt or where legal documents are not prepared elaborately. The Uniform Commercial Code is governed by the tender, acceptance, rejection and revocation guidelines (TAAR). In the process of purchase, a buyer and can tender goods during the initial process and thus is entitled to reject products that do not meet the requirements of the agreement set. The buyer at the rejection stage is however required by the code to reject the goods within a reasonable time if problems arise within the goods (Miller & Alvin 53). At the acceptance stage, the purchase is done with the belief that the manufacturer will undertake to repair the problems which are under warranty. Besides that, a buyer may revoke the good and fail to accept them at the revocation stage. Zabriskie Chevrolet, Inc. v. Smith, 240 A. 2d 195 (1968) The case has been brought forward in relation to rejection. Mr. Zabriskie has purchased a new car and 1966 Chevrolet Biscayne and has provided a check as payment. Later on in the day, he travels in the same car which develops some problems after a two and a half miles drive. Immediat ely after noticing the problem, he orders that the check payment be stopped, but the dealer refuses claiming that the buyer, Mr. Zabriskie cannot reject the car. His argument is that he had already taken a trial round a block to test whether the car is proper and was satisfied and that this was a reasonable time to inspect the vehicle. It is held by the New Jersey Court that the first opportunity to inspect the car by the buyer is to check whether what

The Effects of Tourism on the Small State of Monaco Research Paper

The Effects of Tourism on the Small State of Monaco - Research Paper Example detrimental ecological and environmental effects from tourism has resulted in the development of policies for sustainability in Monaco, termed sustainable tourism . 5 Social and Cultural Effects 6 Tourism has significant effects on the social environment of the area where it is occurring. It separates those who are involved in the tourism industry from those who are not, and limits the choices that the population can make, as any decisions must take into consideration the effect of the decision on tourism . This is particularly true for Monaco, which has focused on tourism since before the Second World War. Now, tourism and banking are the two major sources of income for the state, and any decisions that the state makes need to carefully take into account their effects on the tourism industry. In addition, there are specific effects that the form of tourism in Monaco has on the people and the community. Gambling is often associated with crime and prostitution, even in expensive casin os, such as those in Monaco . 6 Research Design 7 Problem Statement 7 Tourism in Monaco is a booming industry that is the focus of much of the activities of the state for more than 100 years. While there is significant evidence in the literature of the impact that the industry has had on the state as a whole, such as increasing economic output, allowing the state to be self-sustainable, the creation of many jobs, and a high standard of living. There have also been negative effects, such as tourism aiding in the spread of an invasive species, the financial reliance that the state has on tourism, and the potential alienation of citizens that are not part of the tourism industry. There has not been much discussion in the literature about the reaction of citizens to the industry, whether they... The state experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and wet, mild winters. In is two square kilometers in area, making it the second smallest independent state in the world, with only Vatican City being smaller. It is almost entirely urban, with a high standard of living and currently has the longest life expectancy at birth of the independent states. As well as attracting tourists through its gambling facilities, the state is also a major banking centre, and acts as a tax haven with no income tax and low taxes for business. The country is a constitutional monarchy, having a head of state as well as a head of government and a cabinet (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). The state has little to no natural resources, which limits its ability to develop sustainably (D'Hauteserre, 2005). The rapid growth of tourism worldwide has been a consequence of advances in transportation, with global transportation no longer being a complex venture, as well as being cheaper, safer and more convenient. In addition advances in communication and in technology have played a substantial role as well as other factors, such as the prevalence of people with high disposable incomes that are seeking pleasure, relaxation and comfort (Smith & Eadington, 1992). The first real influx of tourism to Monaco was in 1863 when a performer known as the Magician of Monte Carlo began to manage a new gaming company. This provided most of the revenue for the state until World War II began. Currently the state now hosts millions of visitors a year and has many investors (D'Hauteserre, 2005). The production of a world famous casino during this period was one of the key methods that the state benefited from tourism.

Plant and animal partnership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plant and animal partnership - Research Paper Example In the most fundamental relationship, animals need plants in order to get the most basic sustenance, outside of which animal life is not possible. This is because plants are able to manufacture their own organic matter to grow themselves, from sunlight and owing to their ability to make use of sunlight to do so with photosynthesis. On the other hand, such distinctions in roles between plants and animals are not clear cut and absolute, owing to the fact that some organisms, such as fungi, do not rely on chlorophyll to thrive, and yet are able to thrive as well, and can form the basis of life for some animals. Moreover, as early literature on plant and animals partnerships observe, some sponges and hydras, among others, are animals that also contain chlorophyll. Meanwhile it has been observed that where animals have chlorophyll and are able to grow their own food within, that chlorophyll eventually is traced to plant life. Fungi also thrive on organic materials that are based on plants , meanwhile. In general, therefore, the most fundamental relationship is that of plants being the providers of the organic matter on which animals and the rest of life rely on to survive. On the other hand, plants need carbon dioxide from animals to be able to perform the photosynthesis that is the originator of this relationship chain, and which allows plants to make the organic substance, glucose, on which the whole of the animal kingdom stands on (BBC, 2013; Farabee, 2007; Wilson, 2013; Reckitt Benckiser, n.d.; Brandt, 1882; Columbia University Press, 2013; Schulze et al., 2005, p. 602-605). The literature notes that a formal term used to denote the partnership relationship between plants and animals as symbiosis. In the examples above, where animal life is able to incorporate chlorophyll from plants and grow their own sustenance, the partnership is made evident by the fact that it is plants that are the ultimate source of the chlorophyll, and plants themselves benefit from the e xpiration of carbon dioxide from animals which they then need to perform photosynthesis. (Brandt, 1882; Schulze et al, 2005, pp. 602-605). On the other hand, the hallmark of true symbiotic relationships is that of two organisms that need each other in a fundamental way, without which both parties cannot survive, but the definition also extends to other kinds of relationships, but the distinguishing mark is that of mutual derived benefits and good from each other’s existence and fundamental ways of living and acting in their environments. For instance, in herbivores such as cockroaches and cows, the cows benefit from intestinal bacteria that allow for the breaking down of the cellulose that they eat. The bacteria meanwhile are able to thrive from that cellulose. Without the other, neither party is able to survive. On the other hand, both bacteria and cows rely on the plants to survive, even as the plants that they consume benefit from the respiration activities of both. More o bvious examples are the relationships between the fig and the fig wasp, where the fig wasps provide fertilizers that the fig thrives on, while the fig meanwhile provides food for the fig wasp larva. The same is true for the yucca moth and the yucca plant, where the same symbiotic relationship between plant and animal is observed (Columbia University Press, 2013; Schulze

Family Law and Divorce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Family Law and Divorce - Assignment Example According to the findings, section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, deals with the norms relating to the settlement of matrimonial assets and monetary issues. Specifically, it comprises of the principles to be adhered to by the court, whilst dealing with the orders relating to financial provisions, property; and ancillary orders dealing with the sale of property, under sections 23, 24, 24(A), respectively. Decisions of the courts are chiefly based on the extant legislation and relevant case law. For making orders under sections 23, 24, 24(A) the courts take the following factors, into consideration. First, the income, property and other assets of the disputants, which are either present or are likely to be available in the foreseeable future, are considered. Second, the present and future financial obligations and needs are taken into consideration. Third, the lifestyle of the family is considered. Fourth, the duration and age of the parties to the marriage are taken into consi deration. Fifth, the physical and mental disabilities of these parties are taken into cognizance. Sixth, any contribution made towards the welfare of the family is taken into consideration. Hence, the consent order should be drawn in such a manner that it includes all the issues regarding ancillary relief. It will be deemed to be a final order and will prove to be difficult to modify or contest, subsequently. Hence, Sheila should have ensured, while drafting the consent order that it reflected all the agreed upon financial provisions. The drafting of consent orders necessitates the exercise of considerable care, so as to provide the maximum possible protection to the applicant. Several considerations have to be envisaged, whilst drafting consent orders.

Is Eurozone sustainable for the UK to join Literature review

Is Eurozone sustainable for the UK to join - Literature review Example Over the past few years, there has been a considerable debate about the stand that the United Kingdom has taken towards Eurozone. This study explores the topic, ‘Is Eurozone sustainable for the UK to join’. By taking a detailed look at the reasons because of which UK did not join and the reasons due to which the other countries joined, this study would try to analyze the perspective of the UK with regards to Eurozone. A Brief History of Eurozone For many decades, European leaders and diplomats have discussed and debated the concept of a monetary integration of European countries. The arguments were multiple, while some thought that the common currency could prove to be an alternative to the US dollar, some other felt that a single currency would provide many different advantages (Zimmerman, 1995). For some leaders, it meant political symbolism and for some others, it meant the rise a new and improved economic model (Vujic, 2004). After a long era of discussions and debates, the Eurozone came into existence in1999 and the Euro became the legal currency for the member nations (Kleimeier and Sander, 2002). The adoption of a single currency would mean that all the member countries would have a single monetary policy, and would not continue to have separate policies. To regulate this, the European Central Bank came into existence which lays down the Europe wide monetary policies and handles decisions related to interest rates, exchange rates and so on. (Salvatore, 2002). Therefore, if any particular country wants to introduce a separate economy policy, it has to rely on the policies of the European Central Bank as it has become the sole authority of Eurozone. Having a single currency has both advantages and disadvantages and the existence of the Eurozone over the ten years has proved this. The Euro has seen success during the period of 2003-2005, where as it suffered from the loss of its stand during the economic recession that happened during 2008-2009. In recent times, there have been some apprehensions about the stability of the Euro, in the light of the results of the recession where some members of the Eurozone saw major economic crises. Why did the UK Not Join Eurozone? The United Kingdom is one of the most prominent nations of the European Union. Yet, it took a stance on not joining Eurozone. The currency of the United Kingdom continues to be pound sterling and the possibilities of its joining Eurozone look bleak in the near future (Layard, 2002). The Maastricht Treaty (The treaty on European Union) saw the negotiation of an ‘opt-out’ from the common currency (Leblond, 2004). The government that came into power post the 2010 election in the United Kingdom also decided that it would not join the Euro as long as it was in governance. In addition, the UK also has carried out many public opinion polls to take a stance on the whether it should join the Eurozone and the polls in 2005, 2008 and 2009 also demonstrated the opposition to joining the UK. The past three governments of the United Kingdom also took strong stand on not joining the Eurozone. Pr ime Minister Tony Blair set forth ‘five economic tests’ (tests that would help in determining criteria such as the currency

Qualities Of A Good Writer Essay Example for Free

Qualities Of A Good Writer Essay Whilewriterscomefromallwalksoflife,theysharecertainqualitiesthathelp themproducesatisfyingwork. Ifyouhavesomeofthesecharacteristics,youcould tryacareerincreativewriting. Alternatively,youcouldlookforcreativewriters withthesequalitiestoassistwithyourorganizationspublications. Creativewriters mightpublishpoetry,shortstoriesandnovels,buttheyalsoworkformanykindsof clients to earn their living. Creativewriterscraftnewworlds,producingdescriptionsofplacesandpeoplethat sendreadersontripsintheirminds. Theydothiswithnothingbuttheirbrainsand someformofwritingimplementbeitanold-schoolnotebookoramoremodern laptop. Whilenotwowritersplytheircraftintheexactsameway,some characteristics are common for many who are successful. Efficiency Creativewritersrarelyworkinoffices. Theymostcommonlyworkalone,makingit easyforthemtoslipofftaskandwhileawayadaythatshouldbefilledwith writing. Forsuccess,creativewritersmustbeefficientandfocused,sayswriter, editorandghostwriterMichaelJ. Dowling. Theymustbeabletoforcethemselves todowork,despitethedistractionsthatmayfilltheirworkspaces,whichareoften at home. Those lacking this quality will likely find their writing dreams fruitless. Research Abilities Thoughcreativewritersincludefictitiousdetailsintheyarnstheyspin,theymust  stillengageinresearchtomaketheirpiecesbelievable. Ifwritinghistoricalfiction, for instance, writers must research the time periods in which they set their stories to accuratelyportrayallofthedetails. Similarly,writersmustresearchthephysical placesinwhichtheysettheirtales,acquiringtheknowledgenecessarytopaintan authentic picture of that place in readers’ minds. Imagination Todreamupthestoriesthatmakecompellingcreativefiction,creativewritersmust havehighlydevelopedimaginations,accordingtoHelenaBlakemore,professorat theUniversityofEastLondon. Writerscanengageinexercisestobolstertheir imaginativeskills,butpossessingapre-existingabilitytoimagineandinventisa benefit to those beginning in this field. Confidence Producingacreativeproductisscary. AsJoeDunthorne,authorofâ€Å"Submarine,† statedinanarticlefortheBritishnewspapertheGuardian,nosafepathexistsfor writing. Tobesuccessful,writersmustbebraveandwillingtotakerisks. Ifthey lackthewillingnesstoputasidetheirworriesandforgeahead,theirwritingwill likely not be distinctive enough to be noteworthy. Ability to Focus Goodwritersunderstandtheparticularrequirementsofawritingproject. Itdoesnt matterwhethertheyreusingacreativeapproachforamarketingpublicationor  draftinganewchapterforanovel. Theyhaveanabilitytofocusonthewritingtask andcreateanoutlineordirectionforwhattheyllwrite. Focusedwritingiseasier forthereadertofollow. Unfocusedwritingfrustratesreadersandmayturnthemoff completely so they wont continue reading. Different Approaches Towritecreativeworks,writersneedareliableapproach. Somewritersbeginwith undisciplinedwritinganduseself-editingtotightentheirwritinginthenextstage. Otherwriterswillconsidermanydraftsofaparagraphintheirheadormakenotes onscrappaperandthenwritedownahighlyfocusedparagraph,whichusually requireslesseditingdowntheline. Somewritersareversatile,usingdifferent  approachestogettingideasonpaperbasedontheirmoodorthekindofwriting project theyre doing. Discipline Self-disciplineisessentialtowriterswhowanttosupportthemselvesthrough creativewriting. Withoutit,youllfinditdifficulttomaximizetheuseofyour writingtime. Ifyouhaveregularclientsoradeadlinetosubmitamanuscriptto youreditor,youmustdevoteadequatetimetowritingeachdayorweektoreach yourgoal. Disciplinemeansthatyoublockouttimeforwritingandproducea specificquantityoftextinthattimeblock. Ifyoudontachievethegoalfora writing session, you block another session in which to hit the mark. Because writing  deadlinesaretimedandspecific,youcantaffordtowastetimeinthecreative writing mode. Voice and Authenticity Allkindsofcreativewritingbecomemoreeffectivewhenreaderscanhearthe presenceoftheauthorsvoice. Insometypesofliterature,charactersalsohave differentvoicesthatcompeteforthereadersattention. Goodwritersfindtheir voice for a particular work or character and use it consistently for the entertainment ofthereader. Ifyouhaventfoundyourwritersvoice,usefeedbackfromreadersto guideyou. Ifyouwriteauthentically,yourvoicereachesthereader. Bycopying anotherauthorsvoice,yourvoiceisboundtofalter;itwontcomeacross consistently or genuinely to the reader.

African Americans History As Slaves And Contemporary Poverty History Essay

African Americans History As Slaves And Contemporary Poverty History Essay It is often argued that the main cause of Africas poverty rates is mainly related to the lack of pro-growth derived from either the colonial system or the period of slavery. (Jerven, p.77) This argument has recently been applied to the United States social scene in order to explain the existent and continuing problems of income and economic inequality especially within the African American race. In fact, the phenomenon is so troubling that several campaigns have been recently launched to combat the problem. Among these is the Campaign to Reduce Poverty in America whose aim is to accomplish a decrease of 50% in poverty rates by 2020. (Catholic Charities USA) The problem of poverty is thus present and confirmed in the high rates of unemployment, the social disparities and the various and different attempts to deal with the problem whether by private, religious or governmental organizations. However, what is especially interesting to analyze further in this discussion are the causes of this social and economic problem. The origins of poverty are for example drawn upon by Gunja SenGupta in his book From Slavery to Poverty: The Racial Origins of Welfare in New York, 1840-1918, in which he argues that the historic roots of the problem run deeper than the present which consequentially implies the need to reflect on historic events that could be a determinant and influential factor in the continuance of contemporary social dilemmas. (NYU Press) This author is not the only person who perceived a link between poverty and historical problems such as slavery. In fact, although slavery was abolished over a hundred and forty years ago many people believe that the enslavement of humans has continued in the less direct but similarly hash and cruel form of poverty; a belief that challenges the notions of slavery itself. In short, the current problem of African American poverty is intrinsically related to the long history of subjugation, oppression and racial segregation that we re in their turn caused by the slavery system. Poverty is indeed a reality in America, a country that is considered to be among the richest and most progressed nations in the world. According to the US Census Bureau, 35.9 million people live below the poverty line in America, a number that includes also around 12.9 million children. The statistics are in fact shocking when gathered together. For example, according to the Bread for the World Institute, 3.5% of U.S households experience hunger which means that some members within these families skip meals or eat less than required to sustain a healthy lifestyle. (Siddiqi) The facts are more troubling when applied to the African American community. In a country where 12 percent of the population is black it is also noted that approximately a quarter of African Americans are classified as poor, a problem that has been part of the American social scene for many years. Poverty is thus very common among the members of this particular race. Poverty among African Americans is deeply conne cted to many issues among which is the lack of proper education that many African American children still do not receive. This decreases the chances of good employment and increases the possibility of experiencing poverty. There are other reasons through which to understand the problem of poverty among African Americans. However, what is interesting to reflect on further is the relationship between these high rates of poverty among African Americans and the problems of race and inequality that are still found socially and do impact the quality of life of the blacks in America. As Jonathan Alter, a writer for Newsweek, pointed out: Poverty is caused by a tangle of financial and personal pain that often goes beyond insufficient resources and lack of training, wage stagnation, social isolation, and a more subtle form of class-based racism. (Green) This quote affirms the existence of deeper rooted cause as an explanation of African American poverty. The link between racism and lesser op portunities and chances to advance are clear and hardly require any further elaboration. Since racism is related to the institutionalized system of slavery it is hence important to draw further on the significance of this system in the continued existence of poverty among African Americans. One of the most famous statements in the Declaration of Independence that has come to be part of what being an American means is: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. This sentence is one that stipulates the basic human rights of every American citizen which is freedom, equality, safety and equal chances to realize their dreams of economic prosperity. This sentence has been quoted during the era of the Civil War and the Civil Rights movements to argue against the injustice of slavery that the black people were subjected to. However, equality for all was never part of the social reality even after the abolition of slavery. The perception of white people regarding the blacks was one of superiority that minimized and trivialized the importance of any contribution that could be possibly made by African Americans. For this reason, blacks were denied the same education opportunities as white people which only added to the poverty rates. The fact is that African Americans still lag behind in education attainment compared to white or other minority groups such as Asian Americans. African Americans attend college at half the rate of white citizens. (Kozol, p.26) The historic problem of segregation is deeply linked to these current statistics. Since education empowers an individual to compete in the work force it is hence evident why over a quarter of African Americans continue to experience poverty. Slavery expanded quickly from the time of is introduction until the beginning of the Civil War that lasted from 1861 to 1865. By the time the war started, nearly 4 million slaves were part of the southern society. Their work was diverse but was founded mainly on the principle of sustaining and enhancing the agricultural economy. They picked or planted cotton. Some other blacks worked within the house. There were slaves trained in the art of blacksmiths or carpentry among others. Slavery was a diverse system that was spread across different sectors of society in the South. Yet, what all types of work had in common is the deprivation of all black people from their rights of choice and ability to earn anything dignifying, materialistically or emotionally, from their work. Slavery is one of the most well-documented, well-known yet not most pride igniting phases of American history. It has effectively managed to leave its impacts on society, racial integration and ethnic tolerance throughout the centuries since its abolishment and up to the present day. African Americans were enslaved for centuries beginning with the time the United States came into existence in the 17th century until after the Civil War when slavery was officially declared to be unconstitutional. The War itself was mainly caused as a result of the differences in opinion about the issue between the Northern states, the abolitionists, and the Southern states, that depended on the slave system for the maintenance and growth of their agricultural economy. The history of slavery in the United States is however more complicated than a simple time line can serve to shed light on. The institution did not simply start for one obvious reason at one specific time and the same thing can be said ab out the way it came to an end after the Civil War. Though the wars purpose was the liberation of slaves and the provision of equal rights for all, slavery did not stop right after the war and continued to be part of the social picture, though to a lesser extent, especially in certain Southern regions. Southern states did especially not desire to completely eliminate the institution of slavery, which was an integral part of their economy, leading with that to the development of a complicated pattern in how the issue came to be dealt with right before, during and after the Civil War. All this implies that slavery was based on the exploitation of individuals for profit; an aspect of the system that served to dehumanize the black population to grave extents. This dehumanizing dimension of slavery served to complicate the integration of African Americans and led to problems of racism and deep-rooted rejection of their integration in American society. This rejection has on the other hand impacted the economic conditions of the blacks as it extended over all areas of life including work and education. It is no secret that there was a sharp division historically between the Southern and Northern states about the subject of slavery. What is however pertinent in this fact is its application to the economic conditions of blacks in the North versus the South during the 19th century. Racism was more prevalent in the South where many states refused to loosen their harsh racial policies that restricted African Americans to working mainly working in the fields. Though racism was also present in the northern states it was less severe and allowed the black population the opportunity to prosper culturally and intellectually; a growth that is for example evident in the Harlem Renaissance. However, despite these periods of flourishing, the history of African Americans is especially characterized by inequality; an inequality whose main cause is directly related to the centuries of enslavement. As noted before, racism is one of the main causes of the continued economic disadvantage of many Africa n Americans. When slavery was ended, notions as natural rights were socially introduced and impacted the perception of blacks of their own role in society. Blacks started becoming aware of the extremely suffocating environment that they were part of and which desperately attempted to keep them in the dark about their rights a human beings and citizens of a nation based on the principles of equality for all. (Mcpherson, p.39) It are these aspects and perceptions of oppression, cruelty and savageness of treatment for the mere promotion of selfish economical gain that continue to generate feelings of freedom and oppression which has managed , and continues, to make the greatest difference nowadays in the interaction of black and white people. Though theoretically slaves were no longer slaves after the Civil War, they continued to be treated as an extremely inferior race. This was of course different from area to another. In the south, ex-slaves were treated with the same attitude as before the Civil War while in northern states, where the bitterness was more directed towards white southern Americans rather than African-Americans, ex-slaves were treated better than slaves yet not fully as citizens. Emancipation had become a reality with the end of the war but it remains obvious that the place of African-Americans in society was far from being either resolved or clear. The questions that arose consequentially about race served to define the discourse and the relationships between the two different races and are still traceable in the many sensitive taboos that characterize certain racial subjects and words. In the aftermath of the Civil War, practical problems arose in the south in regard to the manner of integrating slaves within society. Whether the freedmen ought to be regarded as citizen and be granted rights as the ability to possess property was central to the debate. Voting rights were another concern as they gave significant importance to the freedmen enabling them to contribute and impact society and their level of prosperity within it. The most important question of all seemed however to revolve around the possibility or impossibility of the peaceful co-existence of blacks and whites together which is a question history has managed to answer so far. (Tallant, p.5) The rise of intolerance, the problem of segregation and the prevention of blacks from voicing their economic or political needs through the democratic voting system have all led to the enhancement of sentiments of antagonism among both sides which led to the blacks desire to create their own defensive and distinct identity that was at the core resentful of white peoples influence, and led the white population to adopt on the other hand a segregated and superior outlook. This shows how the history of slavery and the subsequent rise of the problems of racism distanced the two groups from interacting and mutually benefitting from the same opportunities. In short, because of slavery and racism many blacks did not and do not get the chance to benefit from the same opportunities as white people which complicates the chances of finding a good job later on and increases as a result the chances of poverty. Blacks continued to work mostly on lands owned by white farmers due to the aforementioned complications that arose when they desired to purchase a piece of land for themselves. Neither the federal government nor the local people seemed to support that and the final choice they were left with in the post war era was to keep working for the white planters. There was of course a difference in the way they lived compared to the period before the war. The freedmen exercised now more control over their lives and could not be treated with the same inhumanity as before. They did not have to work before sunrise and continue until after sunset. They could determine their workload more favorably compared to their previous working conditions. They could also determine whom of their family members they wished to be part of the plantation work. Previously, their children were forced at an early age to do the work and this could be prevented with the choices they had after he Civil War. This does o f course not mean that the situation changed dramatically to the better including complete freedom and equal rights. To claim that is to dismiss the fundamental aspect about social change: it happens gradually. The living conditions had simply significantly improved from the completely intolerable to the harsh and challenging. Overcoming the social challenges caused by their racial status proved to be a long and trying process that spanned over many years and continues until the present day in the form of the continued attempt to decrease the problems of the black community such as a high level of crime, poverty and a lower rate of educational degrees among the youth. The fact is that blacks have been perceived to be inferior for a long time in America which is a prejudice that affected the opportunities available for this particular race and hence impacted their current economic social position. It is thus undeniable that slavery had an extremely malignant and negative influence on the development of African- American culture and identity. Being regarded as an inferior race, especially in the South where the idea was the main justification provided to legitimize the slavery institution, was detrimental to the enhancement of any sense of pride in ones heritage. The change towards that began only slowly. The way they were treated, the destruction of any sense of belonging and attachment to their African heritage during the years of enslavement, the restriction of simple communication between slaves are all facets of slavery that significantly influenced the emancipation process and the development of the African-American culture in addition to complicating the nature of relationships and the form of interaction between whites and blacks. Slavery disrupted thus the sense of belonging to the African heritage and led to the emergence of a defensive attitude among blacks. Even aft er emancipation, slavery continued to play a role on African Americans future and chances of progress. This is evident in the themes of their music and art whether written or visual. These themes deal often with the idea of social inequality, oppression and economic disadvantage as a direct consequence of racial history. Slavery made blacks without doubt socially disadvantaged and led to the subsequent rise of the Civil Rights Movement in the 20th century. The racism and harassment that African Americans have had to deal with is still part of the races consciousness until the present day. This is nowhere signified but in the multitude of subjects that continue to rise a sense of sensitivity when brought up. It is thus no exaggeration to conclude that slavery has left a tremendous impact on the African-Americans as a whole. The resolution of such a problem had to be done, and continues to be struggled with, over the period of two centuries. Overcoming the past completely has proven t o be impossible. The history of enslavement is part of what defines every African-American up to the present despite many peoples refusal to admit this. Though most blacks do not reflect on the period of enslavement, the impacts of it, in the form of social disadvantages still experienced through work and educational chances, are not easily dismissible and serve as a harsh reminder.(Healey, p.175) The removal of their culture, the limitation of their freedom, the oppression of their most fundamental basic rights for centuries, and the final negative development of social distinctions between blacks and whites in the period after emancipation, have all managed to impact the culture the African-American ethnic group has since then created a culture whose characteristics include for example less favorable economic conditions for millions of African Americans. Slavery has thus proven to be a very powerful institution whose impacts are hard to erase. The discussion of poverty among African Americans in the present day is thus incomplete without an analysis of their historic journey that is characterized by a long period of oppression and segregation which impacted both white and black peoples attitude towards the other race. The fact that millions of African Americans live in poverty is hardly a random fact but is deeply rooted in the historical experience of this race. The historical experience of African Americans has already been drawn upon in detail. What merits however further analysis is the consequent question that rises in regard to the future. If slavery and the long history of racism and unequal opportunities in education and work, are among the main factors in the current high rates of poverty among African Americans then what is the solution? Does this conclusion imply that African Americans are destined for poverty? Regardless of the present and continued rates of poverty and inequality, it is undeniable to note that African Americans went through different stages of progress that were not as successful or as fast as desired at all times but made the necessary advancement that enabled the country to be led by a black president for the first time in the countrys history. What was essential to the assurance of advancement was persistence and endurance, two characteristics of the African American long struggle for rights as freedom, dignity, respect and equality. The period from 1976 until the present marked the growing representation of African Americans in politics, arts and entertainment and academic disciplines among others. The larger opportunities enabled African Americans to be elected to legislative positions and work in the executive and judicial branch. This does clearly not mean that the situation is ideal in the present. Regardless of the election of the first black president and the in creasing influence of this race in the United States, full equality is still a subject of heated debate and controversy. As noted, many African Americans continue to live in poverty and the ruling elite of the US is still predominantly white. While school segregation is officially over, facts point to the dominance of the continuance of the phenomenon in several public white schools where the presentation of white student exceeds 99%. (essay-911.com) However, regardless of these points that affirm the need for more progress despite the positive accomplishments obtained, the fact is that African Americans have endured a long history of oppression, pain and segregation and managed to rise above the many challenges to their current position. While the present situation requires progress advancement has been and will continue to be made while racial tension will continue to decrease. Affirming that the black race is destined for poverty seems therefore to be an implausible and pessimist ic outlook on the future and history alike. In conclusion, the history of African Americans has thus been long and complex in the United States. It is this experience that led to the formation of the present African American identity with all that that encompasses in terms of culture, art and literature. As mentioned before, blacks were largely denied opportunities for education and personal advancement until after the Civil Rights Movement. The fact that many blacks live still in poverty does however not mean that this movement was unsuccessful or that no advancement has been achieved. Continuous social change needs to be still made since the rates of unemployment among blacks compared to whites is relatively the same as it was in the early 1960s. Employment opportunities are still hard to obtain for black men while neighborhood segregation is still present in many areas in the United States. Research confirms also that blacks continue to be victims in the real estate market. (Friedlander) This all proves that blacks are stil l socially disadvantaged. However, as has been noted, racial segregation in public has been ended and more African Americans have come to contribute in elective politics signifying the slow but existent rise of this race from the dark impacts of slavery.

Characteristics of Criminal Homicides :: essays research papers

Michael Woodworth and Stephen Porter. (August 2002). In Cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal Homicides as a Function of Psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 111, No. 3, 436-445. Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study examined the correlation between psychopathy and the characteristics of criminal homicides committed by offenders. Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was hypothesized that the homicides committed by psychopathic offenders would be more likely to be primarily instrumental (I.e., associated with premeditation, motivated by an external goal, and not preceded by a potent affective reaction) or â€Å"cold-blooded† in nature (Pg. 436).† However, homicides committed by nonpsychopaths often would be â€Å"crimes of passion† associated with a high level of impulsivity/reactivity and emotionality. Method   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A sample of 125 Canadian offenders were selected for the study. The entire sample was examined in two different ways. First, dual coding was used on a random selection of 21 offenders. These people were asked questions and scored a number of points depending on their responses. All file information on these offenders were made available to the blind coder. Second, a set of 33 cases were randomly selected for dual coding. These cases were different because all details were not made available to the blind coder. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The results confirmed the hypothesis; â€Å"homicides committed by psychopathic offenders were more instrumental than homicides by nonpsychopaths. Almost all (93.3%) of the homicides by psychopaths were primarily instrumental in nature compared with 48.4% of the homicides by nonpsychopaths (Pg. 436).† Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors’ conclusions from their study went to prove what they believed to be the outcome. Nothing was found to be shocking or a surprise when reviewing the end results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel the authors conclusions â€Å"hit the nail right on the head.

The Evil Soul Revealed in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Heart of Darkness:  Ã‚   Evil Soul Revealed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrad's theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. By probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man through symbolism of the jungle itself and the manager. The story is written as seen through Marlow's eyes. Marlow is a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hope of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles â€Å"an animated image of death carved out of old ivory† (Conrad page #). Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and above all he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. Both men had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seemed a "universally genius" lacking basic integrity or a sense of responsibility (Roberts 43). In the end they form one symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been.   Kurtz is the violent devil Marlow describes at the story's beginning. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. Throughout the story Conrad builds an unhealthy darkness. At every turn he sees evil lurking within the land. Every image is dreary and dark. The deadly Congo snakes to link itself with the sea and all other rivers of darkness and light. The setting of these adventurous and moral quests is the great jungle, in which most of the story takes place. As a symbol the forest encloses all, and in the heart of the African journey Marlow enters the dark cavern of his own heart. It even becomes an image of a vast catacomb of evil, in which Kurtz dies, but from which Marlow emerges spiritually reborn.

Representation of a Great Ruler :: Queen Elizabeth Ruler Essays

Representation of a Great Ruler In such a tumultuous time of England’s history, a ruler that could protect his people and also give them intellectual stimulation was no easy task. However, this is what the people expected from their ruler. This emblem is a basic representation of what the English people valued from the people that ruled them. The title says it all. â€Å"A Princes most ennobling Parts,/ Are Skill in Armes and Love to Arts.† If someone took this emblem and changed all the words from â€Å"he† to â€Å"she,† and then replaced the words â€Å"prince† to â€Å"queen,† we would have a perfect description of Queen Elizabeth I and what made her so great. Before we go into the text, it is worth analyzing the picture of the emblem. Though the huge discrepancy is that it is a man in the picture, there are still many parallels we can draw between him and Elizabeth. Appearance wise, the man in this picture seems to have a regal robe on, but pants that look like tattered rags. Making the comparison with Elizabeth, one can point out the time that she spent in prison. She had to don rags for a while, and then when she was released, she was made queen and she got to wear royal, exquisite dresses. In the picture, the man has a sword in his right hand and a book in his left. Obviously, the sword represents the military might and physical strength. The book represents wisdom and knowledge. Though it is at an angle, it still seems that the man is holding the book higher than the sword, showing that they value a wise ruler more than a mighty one. A great ruler however, must contain both of these qualities to be successful. After the emblem, we get a poem about qualities the people desire in their ruler. As stated earlier, from what we know of Elizabeth, this poem describes her qualities well. Before Elizabeth, England was in constant war with Protestants and Catholics fighting each other for power. In this time of constant conflict, the people looked for a ruler that would bring them tranquility.

Is Atticus Fitch a good Father? Essay

Fathers are important role models who raise and nurture their children with much love. A good father is a man who protects and provides for his children, who disciplines his children, and who tries to bring them up to know the difference between good and bad. Fathers should be there for their children in all times of need, to help and comfort them.1 According to Nicky Marone, the author of How To Father A Successful Daughter, there are four types of fathers. They are: The authoritarian, The softie, The protector, and The pal. The authoritarian father is usually a disciplinarian and very controlling. This person is uncompromising and whatever he says goes. The father who is a softie is greatly loved by his daughter, but is extremely easy to manipulate. He is controlled by his children and somewhat spoils them by letting them do whatever they wish and getting them whatever they want. This type of father does not know how to say, No. The father who is a protector tries to keep his children safe from all harm. But by holding them back, this type of father does not allow his children to reach their full potential. The last type of father is The pal. This type of father tries to establish a friendship between him and his children. By being more of a pal than a father, this person shows his children that they are equal and valuable individuals. This type of father is the closest to being right on track.2____________________1 Abby, Scott. What Makes a Man a Good Father? [Internet] June 19, 2005. December 1, 2006 2 Nicky Marone, How To Father a Successful Daughter. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1982), 22 – 24. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch is portrayed as an excellent father because he acts as an educator, treats people equally and allows hischildren to develop their own personalities by giving them more freedom. Atticus is considered to be a pal parent, who shows his children lots of love. Besides being a lawyer, Atticus also acts as and educator to Jem and Scout. One of the ways he educates them, is by passing on the lessons that he has learned in his life. But Atticus does not just pass on these lessons; he puts them into terms that Jem and Scout can understand. An example of this is when Atticus teaches Scout a very important moral lesson and puts it in language that is easy for Scout to get. You never really understand a person  until you consider things from their point of view, until you climb in their shoes and walk around in them.2 This is a crucial piece of advice which influences Scouts development for the rest of the novel. Scout struggles to put Atticuss advice into practice but at the end of the novel she finally succeeds in seeing things from Boo Radleys perspective, which allows her to fulfill Atticuss advice and ensures that she will not become jaded as she looses her innocence. Another way in which Atticus educates Scout is by teaching her to read at an early age. By teaching her to read early on, Scout becomes a very good reader. In fact, she is so good that, Miss Caroline Fisher, Scouts first grade teacher, tells Scout to stop reading with Atticus because she is too________________________3 Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird. (New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1982), 30. advanced for her age. Scout becomes annoyed with Miss Caroline and tells Atticus that she doesnt want to go back to school. But Atticus urges her to go back to school and get an education because he loves her enough to see that getting an education would be important to her in the future. As you can see Atticus cares very much about his childrens futures and by educating them he shows the reader that he loves his children a lot. Atticus is a good father because he educates his children, but he is also a good father because he is committed to equality. Unlike most of the parents in the Maycombian Society, Atticus is committed to equality in all forms. All throughout the book, Atticus treats Jem and Scout as equals. He acts as if he is no better than them and by doing this, he builds a stronger relationship between him and his children, allowing them to relate on better terms. This is apparent when Atticus lets Jem and Scout call him by his first name, instead of father or dad. By doing this he demonstrates that he would like things to be equal and fair. If he let them call him father, it would imply that he is better than them, and that is not what Atticus wants. In fact it is the total opposite of what he wants. But at the same time, Atticus also realizes that he is supposed to be the father figure and tries to set an example for Jem and Scout. Before Jem looks at anyone else, he looks at me and Ive tried to live so that I can look squarely back at him. 4 Atticus is saying that Jem looks to him for advice  and sees him as a role model and Atticus takes that into account every day, with every action that______________________4 Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird. (New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1982), 273. he makes. This is because he knows that if he makes a bad mistake, Jem and Scout will be watching and they may get bad ideas and make the same mistake as well. So Atticus tries to live his life and treat people as fairly and as equally as possible. Furthermore, Atticus is also committed to racial equality. A few ways in which he demonstrates this is when he lets his children go to Calpurnias church and he also lets Calpurnia (a black woman) raise his children. By doing this, Atticus is sending the reader a message that he believes in racial equality and that he doesnt judge people just by their skin colour or  ¬Ã‚ ¬culture. He also defends Tom Robinson (a black male) and his rights while trying to getthe court to give him a fair trial. By doing this Atticus shows that he is not prejudice and treats every person, no matter what color, race, or culture they are, as his own. As you can see, Atticus treats everybody in Maycomb County equally and by doing this, sets a good example for his children. Along with educating his children and treating people equally, Atticus is also a good father because he gives his children freedom. Every parent tries to maintain a certain degree of control over their children, they just vary in the degree of control.5 Atticus gives his children plenty of freedom. By doing this, he demonstrates that he loves them a lot because he is allowing them to develop their own personalities and choose their own path in life. One of the ways Atticus gives__________________________ ¬5 Nicky Marone, How To Father a Successful Daughter. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1982), 218. them freedom, is by letting them pick their own friends. Atticus does not limit them to only playing with white people or with people that have a good family background, he gives them the freedom to establish their own relationships with whoever they want. Inaddition to letting them pick their own friends, Atticus gives Scout the freedom to dress how she wants. He does not tell her to dress more lady like, even with the pressures from Aunt  Alexandra and the rest of Maycomb. By giving them freedom, Atticus recognizes that they will make mistakes, but the important thing is to learn from those mistakes and use them to help you to develop into a mature adult. Atticus gives his children the ability to live how they want and make their own decisions. He shows a lot of compassion for his children by giving them freedom, which in turn will make them into mature adults.  ¬Atticus is a normal person with a unique parenting style. He does not abide by the basic principle of the Maycombian lifestyle in which other parents use while raising their children. He believes that children should make their own decisions and develop their own personalities. He gives them freedom because he trusts them enough to do so, but as soon as they take advantage of that freedom, he is quick to set them back on track. In conclusion, Atticuss parenting methods and ways of showing affection, have positively affected his childrens personalities. Works Cited 1. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York : Warner Books, Inc., 19822. Marone, Nick. How To Father a Successful Daughter. New York: Ballantine Books,1982. 3. Scott, Abby. What Makes a Man a Good Father? June 19, 2005. December 1, 2006

Ecriture Feminine

Ecriture feminine, literally â€Å"women's writing,†[1]  more closely, the writing of the female body and female disparity in language and text,[2]  is a strain of  feminist literary theory that originated in France  in the early 1970s and included foundational theorists such as  Helene Cixous,  Monique Wittig,  Luce Irigaray,[3]  Chantal Chawaf,[4][5]  and  Julia Kristeva,[6][7]  and also other writers like psychoanalytical theorist  Bracha Ettinger,[8][9]  who joined this field in the early 1990s. [10]  Generally, French feminists tended to focus their attention on language, analyzing the ways in which meaning is produced. They concluded that language as we commonly think of it is a decidedly male realm, which therefore only represents a world from the male point of view. [11] Nonetheless, the French women's movement developed in much the same way as the feminist movements elsewhere in Europe or in the United States: French women participated in consciousness-raising groups; demonstrated in the streets on the  8th of March; fought hard for women's right to choose whether to have children; raised the issue of violence against women; and struggled to change public opinion on issues concerning women and women's rights. The fact that the very first meeting of a handful of would-be feminist activists in 1970 only managed to launch an acrimonious theoretical debate, would seem to mark the situation as typically ‘French' in its apparent insistence on the primacy of theory over politics. [12] Helene Cixous  first coined  ecriture feminine  in her essay, â€Å"The Laugh of the Medusa† (1975), where she asserts â€Å"Woman must write her self: must write about women and bring women to writing, from which they have been driven away as violently as from their bodies† because their sexual pleasure has been repressed and denied expression. Inspired by Cixous' essay, a recent book titledLaughing with Medusa  (2006) analyzes the collective work of Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, Bracha Ettinger and Helene Cixous. [13]  These writers are as a whole referred to by Anglophones as â€Å"the French feminists,† though Mary Klages, Associate Professor in the English Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder, has pointed out that â€Å"poststructuralist theoretical feminists† would be a more accurate term. [14]  Madeleine Gagnon is a more recent proponent. And since the aforementioned 1975 when Cixous also founded women's studies at Vincennes, she has been as a spokeswoman for the group Psychanalyse et politique and a prolific writer of texts for their publishing house, des femmes. And when asked of her own writing she says, â€Å"Je suis la ou ca parle† (â€Å"I am there where it/id/the female unconscious speaks. â€Å")  [15] American feminist critic and writer  Elaine Showalter  defines this movement as â€Å"the inscription of the feminine body and female difference in language and text. [16]  Ecriture feminine places experience before language, and privileges non-linear, cyclical writing that evades â€Å"the discourse that regulates the  phallocentric  system. â€Å"[17]  Because language is not a neutral medium, the argument can be made that it functions as an instrument of patriarchal expression. Peter Barry writes that â€Å"the female writer is seen as suffering the handicap of having to use a mediu m (prose writing) which is essentially a male instrument fashioned for male purposes†. 18]  Ecriture feminine thus exists as an antithesis of masculine writing, or as a means of escape for women,although the phallogocentric argument itself has been criticised by W. A. Borody as misrepresenting the history of philosophies of ‘’indeterminateness’’ in Western culture. Borody claims that the‘black and white’’view that the masculine=determinateness and the feminine=indeterminateness contains a degree of cultural and historical validity, but not when it is deployed to self-replicate a similar form of gender-othering it originally sought to overcome. 19]  In the words of Rosemarie Tong, â€Å"Cixous challenged women to write themselves out of the world men constructed for women. She urged women to put themselves-the unthinkable/unthought-into words. †[20] Almost everything is yet to be written by women about femininity: about their sexuality, that is, its infinite and mobile complexity; about their eroticization, sudden turn-ons of a certain minuscule-immense area of their bodies; not about destiny, but about the adventure of such and such a drive, about trips, crossings, trudges, abrupt and gradual awakenings, discoveries of a zone at once timorous and soon to be forthright. 14] With regard to phallocentric writing, Tong explains that â€Å"male sexuality, which centers on what Cixous called the â€Å"big dick†, is ultimately boring in its pointedness and singularity. Like male sexuality, masculine writing, which Cixous usually termed phallogocentric writing, is also ultimately boring† and furthermore, that â€Å"stamped with the official seal of social approval, masculine writing is too weighted down to move or change†. 20] Write, let no one hold you back, let nothing stop you: not man; not the imbecilic capitalist machinery, in which the publishing houses are the crafty, obsequiou s relayers of imperatives handed down by an economy that works against us and off our backs; not  yourself. Smug-faced readers, managing editors, and big bosses don't like the true texts of women- female-sexed texts. That kind scares them. [21] For Cixous, ecriture feminine is not only a possibility for female writers; rather, she believes it can be (and has been) employed by male authors such as  James Joyce. Some have found this idea difficult to reconcile with Cixous’ definition of ecriture feminine (often termed ‘white ink’) because of the many references she makes to the female body (â€Å"There is always in her at least a little of that good mother’s milk. She writes in white ink†[22]) when characterizing the essence of ecriture feminine and explaining its origin. This notion raises problems for some theorists: â€Å"Ecriture feminine, then, is by its nature transgressive, rule-transcending, intoxicated, but it is clear that the notion as put forward by Cixous raises many problems. The realm of the body, for instance, is seen as somehow immune to social and gender condition and able to issue forth a pure essence of the feminine. Such essentialism is difficult to square with feminism which emphasizes femininity as a social construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [23] For Luce Irigaray, women's sexual pleasure  jouissance  cannot be expressed by the dominant, ordered, â€Å"logical,† masculine language because according to Kristeva, feminine language is derived from the pre-oedipal period of fusion between mother and child. Associated with the maternal, feminine language is not only a threat to culture, which is patriarchal, but also a medium through which women may be creative in new ways. Irigaray expressed this connection between women's sexuality and women's language through the following analogy: women's  jouissance  is more multiple than men's unitary, phallic pleasure because  [24] â€Å"woman has sex organs just about everywhere†¦ feminine language is more diffusive than its ‘masculine counterpart'. That is undoubtedly the reason†¦ her language†¦ goes off in all directions and†¦ e is unable to discern the coherence. †Ã‚  [25] Irigaray and Cixous also go on to emphasize that women, historically limited to being sexual objects for men (virgins or prostitutes, wives or mothers), have been prevented from expressing their sexuality in itself or for themselves. If they can do this, and if they can speak about it in the new languages it calls for, they will establ ish a point of view (a site of difference) from which phallogocentric concepts and controls can be seen through and taken apart, not only in theory, but also in practice. 26] ————————————————- [edit]Notes 1. ^  Baldick, Chris. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. OUP, 1990. 65. 2. ^  Showalter, Elaine. Critical Inquiry, Vol. 8, No. 2, Writing and Sexual Difference, (Winter, 1981), pp. 179-205. Published by: The University of Chicago Press. http://www. jstor. org/stable/1343159 3. ^  Irigaray, Luce,  Speculum of the Other Woman, Cornell University Press, 1985 4. ^  Cesbron, Georges, † Ecritures au feminin. Propositions de lecture pour quatre livres de femmes† in Degre Second, juillet 1980: 95-119 5.   Mistacco, Vicki, â€Å"Chantal Chawaf,† in Les femmes et la tradition litteraire – Anthologie du Moyen Age a nos jours; Seconde p artie: XIXe-XXIe siecles, Yale Press, 2006, 327-343 6. ^  Kristeva, Julia  Revolution in Poetic Language, Columbia University Press, 1984 7. ^  Griselda Pollock, â€Å"To Inscribe in the Feminine: A Kristevan Impossibility? Or Femininity, Melancholy and Sublimation. †Ã‚  Parallax, n. 8, [Vol. 4(3)], 1998. 81-117. 8. ^  Ettinger, Bracha,  Matrix . Halal(a) – Lapsus. Notes on Painting, 1985-1992. MOMA, Oxford, 1993. (ISBN 0-905836-81-2). Reprinted in:  Artworking 1985-1999. Edited by Piet Coessens. Ghent-Amsterdam: Ludion / Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, 2000. (ISBN 90-5544-283-6) 9. ^  Ettinger, Bracha,  The Matrixial Borderspace  (essays 1994-1999), Minnesota University Press, 2006 10. ^  Pollock, Griselda, â€Å"Does Art Think? â€Å", in:  Art and Thought  Blackwell, 2003 11. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Murfin, Ross C. †Ã‚  http://www. ux1. eiu. edu/~rlbeebe/what_is_feminist_criticism. pdf 12. ^  Moi, Toril, ed. French Feminist Thought. Basil Blac kwell Ltd, 1987. (ISBN 0-631-14972-4) 13.   Zajko, Vanda and Leonard, Miriam,  Laughing with Medusa. Oxford University Press, 2006 14. ^  a  b  Klages, Mary. â€Å"Helene Cixous: The Laugh of the Medusa. † 15. ^  Jones, Ann Rosalind. Feminist Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Summer, 1981), pp. 247-263. Published by: Feminist Studies, Inc. http://www. jstor. org/stable/3177523 16. ^  Showalter, Elaine. â€Å"Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness. †Ã‚  The New Feminist Criticism: essays on women, literature, and theory. Elaine Showalter, ed. London: Virago, 1986. 249. 17. ^  Cixous, Helene. â€Å"The Laugh of the Medusa. †Ã‚  New French Feminisms. Elaine Marks and Isabelle de Courtivron, eds. New York: Schocken, 1981. 253. 18. ^  Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory  : An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. New York: Manchester UP, 2002. 126 19. ^  Wayne A. Borody (1998) pp. 3, 5 Figuring the Phallogocentric Argument with Respect to the Classical Greek Philosophical Tradition Nebula: A Netzine of the Arts and Science, Vol. 13 (pp. 1-27) (http://kenstange. com/nebula/feat013/feat013. html) . 20. ^  a  b  Tong, Rosemarie Putnam. Feminist Thought  : A More Comprehensive Introduction. New York: Westview P, 2008. 276. 1. ^  Helene Cixous, Summer 1976. 22. ^  Klages, Mary. â€Å"Helene Cixous: ‘The Laugh of the Medusa. 23. ^  Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory  : An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. New York: Manchester UP, 2002. 128. 24. ^  Murfin, Ross C. http://www. ux1. eiu. edu/~rlbeebe/what_is_feminist_criticism. pdf 25. ^  Irigaray, Luce. This Sex. 26. ^  Jones, Ann Rosalind. Fem inist Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Summer, 1981), pp. 247-263. Published by: Feminist Studies, Inc. http://www. jstor. org/stable/3177523. ————————————————- [edit]External links

American Violet Movie Review

The movie â€Å"American Violet set in Hearne County Texas, depicts the victimization of innocent second class citizens who are subject to racial bias and police corruption. Hearne county, a small town run by a corrupt D. A. was conducting military type drug raids on low income housing units that targeted the African American population, and this was no coincidence. Shockingly, this all took place not many years ago, just in the year 2000. The culture in the south was still apparently highly prejudice and racists, even in the criminal justice system, causing much harm to innocent people.Due to the type of people they were targeting, the working class, the trickle down effect of who was being affected by these arrests was everlasting. Dee Brown, in the movie, a single mother of four, is a prime example who was the only source of income for her children and was only a waitress at that. The victimization process in this movie is incredible, and seems almost unreal how insensitive the D . A. was to these people, using them and manipulating them the way he did without any sign of guilt.This relates directly to our victimization class in how these people are victimized. First, falsely accused and arrested on charges by a single conformant, then forced into a plea bargain or almost a certain conviction. Victimization within the criminal justice system is still a big problem today, as the majority of cases are never sent to trial and almost always settled in a plea bargain. This is corruption within the system and needs to be fixed, but still nothing is done.And in order to save time and money judges push for public defenders to push the plea bargain upon uneducated clients who cannot afford their own attorney. Thus, in order for the public defenders to make any money they must hear many cases, and in order to do this they cannot waste their time taking cases to trial. Even if their client may in fact be not guilty, they cannot run the risk of losing, and also more imp ortantly angering the judge. Therefore the reason to the never-ending vicious cycle of corruption within our criminal justice system which all comes down to power and money.Which was apparently a major reason to why these drug raids were happening in Texas. Federal money was going to the counties with the most drug convictions, and having someone in charge of the D. E. A. with racial bias to the African American community made these projects easy pickings. In a small town in Texas, going against the D. A. was simply asking for a lawsuit to brought up against yourself, and to the reason why these raids went on for years, without anyone speaking up for these poor people being served injustice.I believe we are far from an uncorrupt criminal justice system, but are working in the right the direction. The sad thing is, that behind all the corruption within the system, their will always be victims, and when dealing with corruption many times it is innocent people being victimized. Racial factors also will always be an issue no matter what era we are in, and would be naive to overlook it as the nation did so for so long in Texas, not believing that such racial discrimination could still exist in the 21st century.

Marriot Corporation Essay

2. Is the proposed restructuring consistent with management’s responsibility? 3. The case describes two conceptions of managers’ fiduciary duty (p. 9). Which do you favor: the shareholder conception or the corporate conception? Does your stance make a difference in this case? 4. Should Mr. Marriott recommend the proposed restructuring to the board? Marriott Corporation (A) 1. Why is Marriott’s chief financial officer proposing Project Chariot? What is your assessment of MC’s financial condition? Is this project necessary for the company’s survival?. 2. Is Project Chariot consistent with management’s responsibilities? To bondholders? To shareholders? To the public? 3. The case describes two conceptions of manager’s fiduciary duty. Which do you favor: the shareholder conception or the corporate conception? Does your stance make a difference in this case? 4. Should Mr. Marriott recommend the proposed restructuring to the board? 5. Who will be affected by Project Chariot? Should MC make any concessions to the bondholders? ————————————————————————————————————————————– Ans. 1 Project Chariot involves a conflict of interest between the shareholders and the bondholders since in this case the debt being held by Marriott Corporation (MC) is risky. Project Chariot aims to create MII with low debt and HMC with high debt. Thus bondholders will find that their investment gets tied to risky real estate assets whose appreciation is uncertain. Food management which is a major segment of MC remains with MII. Thus Project Chariot aims to give shareholders the business upside and bondholders the real-estate downside. Hence this appears to be a case of risk shifting. Shareholders stand to gain while bondholders will lose if Project Chariot is implemented. Ans. 2 This seems to be a case of ‘Cashing out’/’Wealth Transfer’ where the ‘overall’ wealth is being transferred from the bond holders to the equity holders. The following points lead us to the direction of it being a ‘wealth  transfer’ type of conflict: * Chariot will result in a loss to bondholders and a gain to shareholders as the bonds will be downgraded by rating agencies and the returns of the bondholders will be attached to a heavily indebted duty * Total Debt will become more risky, and bonds will be downgraded to ‘below investment grade’ level * MC would be divided into two separate companies. MII would do MC’s lodging, food, and facilities management businesses, whereas HMC would retain MC’s real estate holdings and its concessions on toll roads and in airports, Hence bond holders will now have a claim on only the payoffs of HMC and not MII. So, because of the above reasons ‘Project Chariot’ seems like a case of ‘Wealth Transfer’ conflict of interest. Ans. 3 We believe in the broad view of manager responsibility. We think that managers should not only consider the interests of shareholders but also the interests of bondholders, employees, and other related parties. This responsibility is even more important in the case of a B2C company like Marriott. If they get†¦ 1. If the Project Chariot is implemented i.e. Marriott is divided into 2 companies Marriott International(MI) with the risk free profit generating operating hotel and service business while the other Host Marriott(HM) a would own Marriott’s hotel and undeveloped real estate businesses and other non service businesses, this will affect the following players: a) Shareholders: Shareholder now have majority stake in a corporation with a lower probability of default while all the risk is transferred to debt holders. So all the risky investments are highly leveraged with bond holders exposed to the risk. On the other hand MI backed mainly by shareholders equity and performing assets and thus would be able to issue new debt increasing value for both shareholders and the corporation. Thus the shareholders would gain at the expense of bond holders and the equity value of the company would increase. b) Bondholders Bondholders had a lot to lose as according to Project Chariot almost all the debt would be assigned to HM. Given the problems in real estate and hotel markets there was a concern of HM’s ability to meet its debt payment and there was a high probability of default. This meant that the risk was issued at investment grade but now was not backed by valuable assets of the companies which were to be spun off to MI which was to be backed by equity. The value of the bonds would decline substantially and the bond holders would loose a lot of their investment. c) Management(The Mariott brothers) The management gains from the spin off since it is able to split its distressed assets from the profit driving assets and there was a new company which was not under distress thus helping them retain their management positions and start from scratch. They can concentrate on core businesses thus improving efficiency and value. d) The value of the whole company: The spin off does not create value for the company as a whole but only distributes the†¦ What: Under Project Chariot, Marriott Corporation (MC) would become two separate companies. The new company, Marriott International Incorporated (MII), would consist of MC’s lodging, food, and facilities management businesses, as well as the management of its life-care facilities. The existing company, renamed Host Marriott Corporation (HMC), would retain all MC’s real estate holdings and its concessions on toll roads and airports. Why: This project is being proposed because the economic slowdown in the late 1980s and the 1990 real estate market crash left MC owning many newly developed properties for which there were no buyers, together with a massive burden of debt. The new company (MII) would have the financial strength to raise capital in order to take advantage of investment opportunities. The existing company (HMC) would take on the newly developed properties and most of the existing debt. HMC would be valued for the chance of appreciation in the property holdings when the real estate market recovered, not on the basis of earnings, thereby reducing the pressure to sell properties at depressed prices. 2- The fiduciary duty of management is to the shareholders  because they are more than creditors; they are the actual owners of the firm. Management is entrusted with the responsibility to increase shareholder value and their main focus should be on investing in projects that accomplish that task. As stated in the case: â€Å"U.S. courts had held that corporations have no responsibilities to safeguard the interests of bondholders other than those spelled out by the terms of the bond indenture†. 3- I first looked at the initial market reaction; the change resulting from October 2, 1992 (pre-announcement) through October 7, 1992 (post-announcement). I used October 7 for my initial market reaction because in 1992 many people may have still relied on newspapers for investment information. In addition, I assessed this narrow amount of time separately because widening the range of dates used to evaluate the change in prices may allow other variables outside of Project Chariot to come into play. However, I also looked at a wider range of time [October 2, 1992 (pre-announcement) through December 31, 1992]. If you can reasonably assume no extraneous variables affected the prices during this time, widening the range of dates assessed can give an idea of the impact to prices after the initial market over/under-re†¦

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Organizational Behaviour - Essay Example The theories started a heated debate that is yet to cool down. While some managers and scholars perceive them to be helpful and practicable, others are asserting that the theories are just that- theories, and nothing more, and that they are not being used in real life (Foster, 2013). This paper, with a distinct focus on two companies; Google and WL Gore, will try to explore the validity of that statement. The paper will first discuss the employees’ state in both of these companies and the management activities and then try to tie or explain them using the various employee theories on motivation, participation, satisfaction and motivation. If the managerial actions and employee behavior can be explained by the theories then the statement that they are mere theories will have been disproved. Managerial Actions and Employee Motivation and Performance In this fast changing business and economic environment, intellectual capital and knowledge have become very important for every ma nagement team. The employees are increasingly being viewed as the most important assets of the business (Chubb, 2008). The managers are frantically making efforts to attract and keep their best talents. Many do this by providing incentives- monetary or otherwise. Theory X and Y of motivation provide useful insight into the nature of employees and what is likely to motivate them. They also empower their employee in order to increase job satisfaction and enhance self-actualization. The following two companies provide some useful insights into the role of management in enhancing employee motivation, empowerment and performance. The first one is WL Gore started by Bill Gore in 1958 and Google started by Larry Page and Sergey Brin. WL Gore and Associates This is a hi-tech company that has specialized in manufacturing products from fluoropolymers; fabrics and electronic connectors. As at now the company has ventured into various markets including the industrial, medical, pharmaceutical an d electronic markets. Over the past ten years it has had average revenues of US $2.5 billion in sales. It was started in 1958 and to date it boasts of having around 10,197 employees spread in over 80 countries worldwide. It has featured in the Fortunes ‘Best place to work’ list for the last 15 consecutive years (Liberman, 2013). The company is said to be one of the America’s best performing because it has consistently based its practices on tested and tried employee theories. Festejo (2012) asserts that WL Gore has the unique and world’s best collaborative system in the world; the lattice organization structure. This system is designed to promote employees’ performance and job satisfaction. For instance, the system has no hierarchical structure they are organized into teams; this means there are no bosses to provide supervision. The employees are expected to be self driven and motivated to work. The company utilizes the goal theory by requiring the employees to set their own targets to meet in a specified period of time. However, they have team leaders known as sponsors to provide guidance (Liberman, 2013). The employees, known as associates, set the objectives for the company and try to achieve them and at the end assess one another’s performances. The employees enjoy a great deal of flexibility as

Comparison between the Number of Websites of the Gulf Cooperation Research Paper

Comparison between the Number of Websites of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Its Services and E-government Website - Research Paper Example However, in order to distribute information on the internet, an interface is used, which is known as a Web site. A Web site contains a lot of hyperlinks and contents conveying the message of that particular Web site (Norton, 2001; Shelly et al., 2005). For instance, a web site of a university contains information about that university. In the same way, the Hukoomi is a Web Portal, which offers the people access to information regarding the State of Qatar. It links us with government programs, services, initiatives and events (Government of Qatar, 2012). In addition, through cooperation with government organizations and public service suppliers, the Hukoomi has appeared to build online information more readily accessible at our fingertips. Additionally, the online national web portal hosts a number of significant e-services, and government service application, documents, forms and general information (Government of Qatar, 2012). This report presents a detailed comparison between a num ber of Web sites of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and their services and other e-government websites to know the country and the needs of the Country Website development and optimization and preference. This report will present a detailed analysis of a wide variety of aspects of the Hukoomi, in comparison with rest of the Gulf States in terms of electronic services and e-government support. The basic purpose of this comparison is to determine the needs and requirements that are necessary to know for building an effective and informative web site. This analysis will determine what should be included in the web site to make it more perfect, with the intention that it could better serve its community. A detailed Comparison This section presents a detailed comparison between different web sites. For this purpose, I have divided this comparison into different parts (depending on the features of a web site). In this scenario, I will compare different features and services which are a vailable or should be available at Hukoomi but it is not there and what services are available on other portals: 1- National Overview The first feature or support that we will analyze in this comparison is about presentation of national overview. In this scenario, the Hukoomi offers a good national overview; however at this web site comprehensive national overview is missing. The national overview of Hukoomi can include information regarding national resources, population, geography and tourism. On the other hand, the Main Page of existing website does not contain such details. As this web site is aimed at presenting a detailed overview of the country so it needs to offer a brief but comprehensive overview of the State of Qatar. In this scenario, we need to add some links in a small portion of the Main Page of the website so