Hilton Hhonors Worldwide: Loyalty Wars

Hilton HHonors Worldwide Loyalty Wars 1. Why do you think the modern-day form of FMPs is more sustainable than the earlier forms like trading stamps and coupons? concern stamps and coupons were required to give in to newer forms of allegiantty broadcasts because oCompetitive pressure has made it demand for unifieds to innovate oTrades and coupons atomic number 18 not differentiating factors because they can be easily emulated by competitors Modern FMPs are more sustainable because they can withstand ambition due to the followers reasons oFMPs can provide individual customised experiences for separately consumer oData pine away housing capabilities of computers has made information required for such customization easily acquirable oFMPs can benefit alliances through with(predicate) mutually beneficial allegiance programs oFMPs too help in segmenting customers and formulate customized services to each segment 2. What are the benefits of HHonors Program to Hilton? Hilton wou ld benefit from the HHonors Program through the following methods oEfficient estimation of move Cost The program would provide historical information about the customers and thereofly aid Hilton to gauge the customers characteristics which in turn would school principal to better tax r scourue and yield management oBenefits from Double Dipping The program allowed transfer of benefits within Hilton and its partners which allowed two sides to earn currencies through joint customers. oBetter scope of compassing franchises/management contracts The programs ability to drive business made it more lucrative for the little hotels to strike deal with Hilton oEnhanced customer relationship The program enabled Hilton to provide customised hotel experiences for each of its guests which would in turn help Hilton and its collaborators become the customers popular oHelp gain corporate contracts Hiltons major(ip) business came through corporate clients and this program would aid the corpor ate travel managers ensure compliance to their boilersuit travel policy 3.What is the decision problem of Jeff Diskin? What alternatives are left with him for HHonors program with announcement of competitive rewards program by Starwood? Context Starwood, one of the major competitors of Hilton, has announced the launch of Starwood Preferred Guest Program which is anticipated to be a bigger loyalty program than Hiltons HHW which would be assist by a huge investment in advertising plight Jeff Diskin, as the head of Hilton HHonors, has to take a call on Hiltons reaction to the announcement and its future course of action. Alternatives Jeff Diskin currently has the following options to square off from oCompete point to point with Starwood Position HHonors differently from Starwoods and hold on to loyal members oCut down on its costs and deliver the same business to gain better margins 4. What should he do? Why? The various alternatives can be evaluated as mentioned in the table given below All the quadruple major hotel chains will soon start competing on frequent-stay programs thus leading to price wars which may result in serious abuse to the industry. Overtly generous loyalty programs have various risks which include the following oCustomers tend to be variety-seeking and use loyalty programs to make profits oThus even the repeating customers might go to other hotel chains oThe more the rewards, the great the expectation customers will have.Thus the rewards will tend to be ever-higher oLoyalty programs chiefly function as discount programs. Thus by offering greater incentives, Hilton will implicitly train the customers to expect lower prices which will lead to reduced margins and thus lower revenues Cost cutting measures are apparent to be limited in such service industries. Thus, Jeff Diskin should avoid loyalty wars and maintain current rewards levels. Further, he should explore differentiating Hiltons shuffling through sustainable brand loyalty. One p ossible measure could be to repositing the brand as a unique experience and create brand loyalty and brand passion as competitive advantages.

Truearth Case Analysis

TruEarth Healthy Foods Market Research for a pertly crossing Introduction Case Analyses * Isabel Eckstein the place manager had let the grounding of the most successful mathematical ingatheringion of the company (alimentary paste Kit) in 2006 which means that she has a very strong marketing patroniseground. * Competitors began offering similar harvests in 2008 which construct the growth to slow. * Some of their competitors atomic number 18 cuddle and kraft paper. * The do not put one over a rash decision. The success of Cucina Fresca was a calcul traind risk establish on signifi sightt look into. The company only uses lofty- forest durum wheat and more often than not organic ingredients. * The company further raised consumer awareness through several(prenominal) promotional programs, apply coupons, magazine advertisements, and in-store demonstrations. * Idea generation. As the company grew, the persuasion generation process became a more systematic evaluation of c onsumer dispositions, with testicle management brainstorming sessions. * Three important developments reshaped how consumers purchased groceries. The commencement important turn off was a new, loosely defined food family unit in the unify States property meal replacement (HMR).An increase in dual-income households had led to higher(prenominal) disposable incomes coupled with time poverty, as some(prenominal) workers found themselves lack the time to cook a meal and clean up afterward. Further, consumers had trite of unhealthy carryout and fast food and started seeking greater variety and impertinentness. Supermarkets began relate HMR submits by enhancing their fresh, prepared food offerings. * There was no fresh total corpuscle pasta with broad distribution, with 85% of those in favour of the concept having never purchased it before. * Competitive Threat Rigazzi Fresh Whole scrap Pasta. pizza pies were a core component of the Italian-American food category, with annual sales in the United States estimated at $53 billion in 2007. * suggested that 77% of consumers ate pizza pie at least once a month. * The store-bought refrigerate pizza market was 11% of sales and totaled $5. 8 billion, fashioning it a larger market than keep pasta, which was well-nigh $4. 4B in 2007. * pizza admit in key demographics had been hurt by health concerns and the popularity of diets that curb or cut out carbohydrates. Eckstein believed this presented the perfect opportunity for TruEarth. Independent surveys of restaurant-goers showed that 33% of people had strong interest in a unit of measurement whit crust. * Major chains like Papa Johns and pizza Hut had introduced full-page wheat or multi- cereal crusts * Kraft and Nestle are already huge players here with low-cost frozen pizza. RECOMMENDATION HAI YE FUU record DATEJanuary 11, 2009 TOIsabel Eckstein Brand Manager FROMBrett Matlack REIntroduction of Whole instill pizza harvest The slowing growth of Cu cina Frescas sales has hardened our competitory edge in the fresh Italian food category in jeopardy.In an attempt to retain our leadership position and fail our harvest line, we flip invested in the development of a new whole ingrain pizza. We must(prenominal) decide whether to order our pizza offering. Our decision must take into consideration that the new products wholesales volume estimates must best $12 million to meet our return requirements. The decision-making process is time erogenous because one of our competitors, Rigazzi Brands, has already tested a whole grain pizza concept and is not far from introduction. Given these factors, we can either intromission or suspend the product.Based on sales volume estimates and situation analysis, I recommend that the company launch the pizza. The introduction endure out result in a wholesales volume that exceeds our return requirements and these additional funds can be reinvested into the firm. Option I Launch Whole metric grain Pizza merchandise The launch of a whole grain pizza kit out result capitalize on the same consumer trends that prompted the release of Cucina Fresca developing demand for quick, customizable home meal replacements that are preserve and available in tasty, whole grain options.Also, pizza is a core component of the Italian-American food category that we cannot do by because it is frequently purchased by customers on a monthly basis. Our whole grain pizza product resolves the time- and health-related concerns of American consumers in one of their favorite dishes (see salute 1 SWOT analysis for Whole Grain Pizza Product). The growing demand for a whole grain crust has been addressed by local pizzerias and take-out franchises, but not in the store-bought refrigerated pizza market. The immediate release of the pizza kit would each(prenominal)ow us to fall into place this market before Rigazzi and benefit from first mover rewards.As a result, our initiatory year wholesale volume estimates would exceed our return requirements by approximately $4. 5 million (see picture 2 Whole Grain Pizza image Purchase raft Estimate, Year 1 Excellent). The excess returns can be reinvested into the firm and used to expand our manufacturing facilities or further extend our product line. If the pizza kit is launched, the firm must consider the potency consequences. We must assess the impact it will have on Cucina Frescas success and production, as well as the TruEarth image if the product flops (see border 1 SWOT Analysis for Whole Grain Pizza Product).Likewise, we must review the potential consequences if the wholesale volume estimate is calculated using the percentage repurchases when the product is perceived to be of mediocre or number calibre (see Exhibit 3 Whole Grain Pizza Concept Purchase spate Estimate, Year 1 Mediocre, mean(a). Option II Do Not Launch Whole Grain Pizza Product The competitive environment of the pizza market and quality-related issues d iscovered in the BASES studies indicate that the whole grain pizza product should not be launched. Although the market generates high sales, it is extremely crowded and dominated by powerful players like Kraft and Nestle.Furthermore, the ability to market a tasty whole-grain pizza crust and occur its benefits will be difficult because the American public perceives whole grains to be less appetizing than white flour. Attempting to change consumer preferences is timely and costly. By predate the release of the pizza kit, the company can focus solely on Cucina Fresca. The operating facilities will not have to worry about(predicate) manufacturing cardinal different product lines and our distribution infrastructure will not be overworked (see Exhibit 1 SWOT Analysis for Whole Grain Pizza Product).Likewise, our marketing team could concentrate on attempting to revive the pasta meals. This product has proven to be successful at one time. Investing all of our resources into the pizza pr oduct could be both disastrous and expensive considering we have no experience in this market category. However, by shelving the pizza, an opportunity is doomed because our company would be ignoring the needs of a potentially profitable market. The health- informed trend is not going away and our firm needs to expand our product line in coordinate to retain our leadership as a gourmet, healthy alternative.Recommendation At this time, our company would benefit the most by ingress the new whole grain pizza product. By not first appearance the pizza kit, our investments and time can be focused on expanding the pasta line and retooling the marketing campaign to improve sales however, in order to diversify the TruEarth defect name, innovation is needed. Although the pasta market may front safe, we must venture into new categories in order to raise brand awareness, seek new customers, and increase our profits. Exhibit 1 SWOT Analysis for Whole Grain Pizza Product Strengths Weaknesses Highly selective about ingredients * Existing infrastructure for coupons, magazine advertisements, in-store demonstrations * Existing formal 4-step process for research and development * Incremental investment for pizza less than pasta * higher(prenominal) awareness of pizza product among Cucina Fresca customers * Successful market experience in launching new products (brand name awareness) * Existing manufacturing equipment and distribution infrastructure to get fresh food to shelves quickly * Easy preparation, but gives customers the chance to be involved in the cooking process * Permits customers to customize * Refrigerated pizza is considered tastier, more authentic than frozen pizza * Is a product for the whole family (8. /10 in mall-intercept) * 28% of home-trial users believe there is no need for improvement * 33% of respondents in mall-intercept considered the TruEarth name a favorable advantage * Pizza kit only feeds 2-3 people * Consumers have to buy toppings individuall y * Limited selection of toppings and varieties offered * Considered too expensive ($12. 38 vs. $10. 09 for new(prenominal) refrigerated options, $11. 72 for takeout food) * Only received 10% favorable to product in overall taste, texture, and quality * Limited time to product expiration (similar refrigerated manufacturing issues as Cucina Fresca) * If using same equipment, this may lead to bottlenecks in both operating facilities and distribution network Opportunities Threats Leverage relationship with North Dakota durum wheat supplier to supply wheat for pizza dough * strain serving size options * Offer single serving sizes for individual meals whole pizzas to feed a family * Expand topping offerings * Contract with local cafes and other gourmet specialty restaurants to offer products in other store formats * pull in a packaged bundle which includes Cucina Fresca and the pizza kit * Leverage TruEarth brand name to enter the pizza market * TruEarth is well-liked and considered to be high quality Utilize this to demonstrate the benefits/product attributes of the pizza product * Health conscious mindset (e. g. ow carbohydrate diet) has hurt key demographics in pizza demand * Consumers may not purchase additional toppings * Rigazzi has tested a pizza concept and is preparing to introduce it * Competitors may quickly replicate whole-grain pizza kit and price them lower to win larger share of the market * Nestle and Kraft dominate the frozen-pizza market * Our pizza doughs quality may not be comparable to freshly made takeout * Pizza market is extremely crowded (options include takeout, delivery, refrigerated) * If product succeeds, product facilities may struggle to manufacture two lines (Cucina Fresca placed on back burner, limited production) * If product fails, damage to TruEarth name may make it harder to launch new products in future Exhibit 2 Whole Grain Pizza Concept Purchase mountain Estimate, Year 1 (Excellent) total Purchase Intent decisively wo uld buy 18. 00% % of Definites who actually buy 80. 00% Definite Purchases 14. 40% credibly would buy 43. 00% % of Probables who actually buy 30. 00% Probable Purchases 12. 90% rivulet Rate 27. 30% Marketing Plan Adjustment propose Households 58,500,000 Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers 6,435,000 Non- Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers 52,065,000Customer Awareness 50. 00% Non-Customer Awareness 12. 00% All commodity bulk Distribution (ACV) 40. 00% Marketing Adjusted streak Rate Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Adjusted Trial Rate 5. 46% Non- Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Adjusted Trial Rate 1. 31% Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Trial Purchases 351,351 Non- Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Trial Purchases 682,051. 5 bring Trial Purchases 1,033,402, echo Purchase Inputs parallel Purchase make 2. 00 Repeat Rate, by Product Services Excellent Product 49% Repeat Volume, by Product Scenario Excellent Product 1,012,733, positive Purchases 2,046,135 jibe sales VolumeRetail gross revenue Volu me $25,331,151. 30 TruEarth gross revenue Volume $16,465,248. 35 In Excess of Return Requirements $4,465,248. 35 Exhibit 3 Whole Grain Pizza Concept Purchase Volume Estimate, Year 1 (Mediocre, medium) Inputs from Exhibit 2 Trial Rate 27. 30 Total Trial Purchases 1,033,402 Repeat Purchase Occasions 2. 0 Repeat Rate, by Product Services Mediocre Product 21% Average Product 37% Repeat Volume, by Product Scenario Mediocre Product 434,028. 84 Average Product 764,717. 48 Total Purchases Mediocre Product 1,467,430, Average Product 1,798,119, Total sales Volume Retail Sales Volume (Mediocre Product) $18,166,783. 40TruEarth Sales Volume (Mediocre Product) $11,808,409. 21 Retail Sales Volume (Average Product) $22,260,713. 22 TruEarth Sales Volume (Average Product) $14,469,463. 59 Based on these wholesales volumes, the average product perception meets our return requirements. We would gain $2,469,463. 59 in extra cash if we were to launch this product. However, the mediocre product does not meet our return requirements (off by $191,590. 79). We are only off of our return requirements by a small margin (1. 596%) thus, we may consider taking on this initial loss for the first year. Considering the growth rate of Cucina Frescas retail sales between the 3rd quarter of 2006 and 2007 (194. 4%), we may anticipate that the initial sales volume will grow between the first and second year of the product launch. Our future sales volume will most likely cover our initial return requirements in the second year and our losses from the 1st year. 2 . Definitely would buy x % of Definites who actually buy 80% x 18% 3 . Probably would buy x % of Probables who actually buy 30% x 43% 4 . Definite Purchases + Probable Purchases 14. 4% + 12. 9% 5 . objective Households x 11% 58,500,000 x 11% 6 . Target Households x 89% 58,500,000 x 11% 7 . Trial Rate x Customer Awareness x ACV 27. 3% x 50% x 40% 8 . Trial Rate x Non-Customer Awareness x ACV 27. 3% x 12% x 40% 9 .Target Households x Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Adjusted Trial Rate 58,500,000 x 5. 46% 10 . Target Households x Non- Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Adjusted Trial Rate 58,500,000 x 1. 31% 11 . Cucina Fresca Pasta Customers Trial Purchases + Non- Cucina Fresca Pasta Purchases 351,351 + 682,051. 5 12 . Rounded down because cannot include 0. 5 of a household 13 . Total Trial Purchases x Repeat Purchase Occasions x Excellent Product Repeat Rate 1,033,402 x 2. 00 x 49% 14 . Rounded down because cannot include 0. 96 of a product 15 . Trial Purchases + Repeat Purchases 1,033,402 + 1,012,733 16 . Total Purchases x Average dog-tired per Purchase 2,046,135 x $12. 38 17 .Retail Sales Volume x (1-Food Retailers 35% Gross Margin) $72,835,811. 1 x (1-0. 35) 18 . TruEarth Sales Volume Minimum Return Requirement $16,465,248. 35- $12,000,000 19 . Total Trial Purchases x Repeat Purchase Occasion x Mediocre Repeat Product Rate 1,033,402 x 2. 0 x 21% 20 . Total Trial Purchases x Repeat Purchase Occasion x Average Repeat Product Rate 1,033,402 x 2. 0 x 37% 21 . Total Trial Purchases + Mediocre Product Total Purchases 1,033,402 + 434,028. 84 22 . Rounded down because cannot have 0. 84 of a purchase 23 . Total Trial Purchases + Average Product Total Purchases 1,033,402 + 764,717. 48 24 . Rounded down because cannot have 0. 48 of a purchase 25 .Total Purchases for Mediocre Product x Average spent per Purchase 1,467,430 x $12. 38 26 . Retail Sales Volume for Mediocre Product x (1-Food Retailers 35% Gross Margin) $18,166,783. 40 x (1-0. 35) 27 . Total Purchases for Average Product x Average Spent per Purchase 1,798,119 x $12. 38 28 . Retail Sales Volume for Mediocre Product x (1-Food Retailers 35% Gross Margin) $22,260,713. 22 x (1-0. 35) 29 . (TruEarth Sales Volume (Mediocre Product) Return Requirement)/Return Requirement ($11,808,409. 21-$12,000,000)/$12,000,000 30 . (2007 Retail Sales-2006 Retail Sales)/(2006 Retail Sales) + 1 x snow% ($35,000,000-$18,000,000)/($18,000,00 0) +1 x 100%

Airasia Weakness

Strength and failing of AirAsia strength weakness Low cost operations. Service resource is peculiar(a) by dispirit costs. Fewer management levels, effective, focused and aggressive Government interference and regulating on airport deals and management. passenger compensation. Simple proved business deterrent example that consistently delivers that gloomyest fares. Everybody Can Fly was the famous tagline of AirAsia, AirAsia was able to litigate their tagline AirAsia implement the low cost operations into their management. The operating fees were as low at the minimum wage. Low airport fees, for example at Kota Kinabalu transnational airport most people can see that the technology or systems that was being use by AirAsia was tot all(prenominal)y different compare to MAs. opposite than that, AirAsia as well as using only one type of Airplane for every feather this is because AirAsia go away only need the same engineers for every airplane in order to save the cost. I n the management level, all the staff of AirAsia was the contributors where in that respect are no ranks or hierarchy in the comp each where the stop number management and their staff leave be in the same room. However, all the staff was concern and focused to their customer needs such as offering the lower fares during festive season.AirAsia business model was in addition proven that they was able to offer the lowest fares, where in every year AirAsia was give way the highest ranking of demand from the customers, and to from distributively one one year also AirAsia was gain profit. Other than that, most of the sales of AirAsia were from online, online ticketing was introduced by AirAsia. AirAsia offered a simple product. The fares were not take the meals and if the customers request a meal then additional fee will be charge. Other than that, Airasia also does not offered a VIP seat.However, callable to the lowest cost of operating by AirAsia the service resources is limi ted. Limited aircraft causes AirAsia was cannot effectuate of standby aircraft if there is any problem in the operation. Due to the limited number of human resources it causes AirAsia could not handle irregular situation such as when there is high demand from customer they cannot fulfil each demand because there is no enough of workers, it causes some of the customer go to another airlines. Another weakness that AirAsia face is, government interference and normal on airport deals and passenger compensation.If government announce that any shoot from Malaysia to country that was having crisis, will affect AirAsia and any flight schedule will be delay until there is an announcement again from government. It is compulsory for each airlines to follow the government order. Other that, AirAsia also must follow each orders that was been set up by the government and if there is any changes of the regulation AirAsia must changes they operation accordingly to the new regulation on the airp ort. AirAsia also was also must deal with the passenger compensation if there is any delay of flight and it will causes the passenger/customer facing loss.

Iphone vs android Essay

Over the years technology has been improving in terms of entertainment, social media, and communication. Today, smart bands are a verification of this improving technology, entirely how do we decide which one is the break off device? IPhone and mechanical man are the latest most powerful operating(a) agreements out on the market. at that place are advantages and disadvantages to both cellular devices, and the ongoing competition will improve the smartphones for years to come.Affordability and durability are the cardinal key factors when it comes to purchasing a smart phone. apple and Google have gone head to head on competing for the best products. Most people fall that the expensive device has better durability and can be employ longer. Price wise the android phones ranges anywhere from one coke to terzetto hundred dollars. In contrast, the iPhone price range is between two hundred to six hundred dollars. Most Android practisers report that they have dropped their pho ne multiple times and have not had major damage to their phone. On the other hand, iPhone substance abusers state that the front screen display can be shattered easily because of the front screen glass like display, and replacement the screen can often cost more than the phone itself.There is a wider range of android phones as they are made by a variety of manufactures. Android gives you the flexibility to choose from many divers(prenominal) colors, sizes or distinct features. The iPhone is restricted and limited to one model severally year, but recently Apple has now developed two phones with incompatible colors to match your personal preference. Nonetheless, Apple phones have the same features. musical composition these phones are more powerful and dramatic play than any other smartphone, that fun comes with a price. Any smartphone user will recharge their phone closeevery couple of hours. The cellular data network on all(prenominal) phone drains the battery the most, becau se we use it daily either for social networks or important information for homework. A smartphone without applications is nothing but an ordinary plodding phone. The applications are the hub of the operating system. Both the iPhone and Android have app origins which are the Apple App store for iPhone and the Google Play Store for Android. According to recent news, each store now has about 700,000 apps.Many of the apps are free for both stores, but Apple on the other hand has a reputation for universe pricey. Its also worth noting that Android is still the second filling for big companies developing applications. Many applications exist for both devices. Its analytical that the main focus is on releasing and updating the paid applications originally the free ones. Each operating system has vocalize activated assistants which is an app on the android bring uped S-Voice app and the well-known Siri for the iPhone. Siri is admired and amazingly beneficial to all the iPhone users. The voice activated assistants on each device, is an automated assistant that responds when one speaks to it, as if you were speaking to a person.There is also a free Android app called Robin, which pursues to rival Siri. Both of these devices contain a guided navigation system which help in getting around the local area. Apple Maps which is an app for the iPhone and Google Maps for Android. Google Maps allows the use of Googles Street View Apple Maps does not. When using the GPS on the iPhone in that location have been complaints on how the GPS guides them to an unusual location rather than the original destination. The GPS for Android users is accurate and more reliable to use especially when going on road trips.Web Browser on Apple Safari for the iPhone and Google chrome are both fine choices which work well on a mobile screen and offer touch screen capabilities, zooming in for sheath is an example. In comparison the two phones have incredibly fast net and it is basically li ke having a computer in your pocket at all times. Adobe Flash is available on the Android, and it aids in website where a user interface is needed and here is where Android has the advantage. A function that many people cant seem to represent without is the ability to text message.Both of these phones contain the ability to text, not good with ones fingers but by just by public lecture to the phones speaker. This function is beneficial, because instead of a phone call that might take up your time, you can just send a message withinseconds. IPhone and Android phones are currently the latest, in need phones. Some people wonder what the difference between the two is, or if they are just the same. Technology changes every day and theres always new and different phones on the market. Ultimately its the users preference on which device they would like to purchase.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Instructions Read the information below. Do not plainly answer the questions You will hand in your work on a separate piece of paper. Please put your information in paragraph form. Include any information you have found which helped you to answer your questions. The conk out Job you do of explaining your results, the more points you will receive. Best wishes and remember to marshal all resources A 34-year-old male from India presents with slowly progressive discovered fell attaches and nodules accompanied by a strange deformity of the nose.The patient has a history of nasal stuffiness and slightly nasal discharge which is roughly wrinkley he also reports loss of libido. A physical question reveals the following leonine faces loss of eyebrows and eyelashes nodules on the sclera a downcast nasal bridge adipose fat deposits in the breast testicular atrophy many symmetrical, flat, discovered areas on the skin without defined borders legion(predicate) nodules & broad, raised are as on the skin partial loss of pinprick and temperature sensation no noticed changes symmetrically enlarged lunar and common personal nerves.A blood work-up was ordered and the CB showed mild anemia. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was slightly elevated. Swabs were interpreted from the skin patches and they revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli on modified ZEN staining. 1. What illness does this patient have? (be specific ) 2. What Is the causative organism? 3. What are some of the complications seen associated with this disease? 4. What Is the mode of transmission of this disease? 5. What Is the recommended treatment for this disease?

BIBL 104

Matthew is the prototypical of the quadruplet church service doctrines of the bran-new volition. virtuallyly chronicle material, this branch gospel serves as the connection between the out of date and new Testaments, providing an down the stairsstanding of how rescuer fulfilled all the mingled prophecies close to his coming that argon found in the grey-headed Testament. Possibly scripted in the A. D. 70s, though some reckon it could stand been writ ex ten to twenty years earlier, the gospel of Matthew covers the entire span of the Nazarene liveliness, remainder, and resurrection, last(a) with Jesus giving the disciples their mission of going out and spreading the joint of deity.Geared primarily towards Judaic readers, the goal of the school textual matter was to provide them with irrefutable produce that the long-awaited Messiah had come to usher in the kingdom of God on Earth. Mark The sec of the 4 gospels, the gospel of Mark is largely narrative and go es at a fast pace. Unlike the gospel of Matthew, which begins with the birth of Jesus and progresses through his sustenance, Mark begins with washbowl the Baptist prophesying al virtually Jesus, followed by the baptism of Jesus by John. It progresses from this point on to the end of his life.The tenseness of the text is on the more(prenominal) parables Jesus told and the miracles he per hu existence bodyed during his period of ministry, which lasted a total of trey years. The text was scripted by John Mark, son of a widow in Jerusalem whose home was most likely a meeting base for archaeozoic messiahians, who got his reading from the disciple Peter. create verbally possibly as archeozoic as A. D. 50 and as late as A. D. 65, the text has a distinctly non-Jewish feel to it, and thus may hold been create verbally for Christians in Rome.Mark wrote it with the goal of crack gain groundment to these Christians, who were suffering at the hands of the Romans, especially the emperor. Mark, through his writings, pre directs Jesus as the suffering Messiah, as headspring as the Savior of the entire world, regardless of race or religion. Luke The third of the four gospels, the gospel of the Luke is largely narrative, and is the most elaborate in regards to the details of the life of Jesus. It begins with the prophecy regarding the birth of John the Baptist, progressing from that point on to the events surrounding the birth, life, and death of Jesus.Luke has the widest range of information with regard to the parables, miracles, and teachings of Jesus. Some of the more familiar parables embarrass the parable of the sower, the parable of the Good Samaritan, the parable of the ten virgins, the parable of the prodigal son, and the parable of the ten talents. Some of the more familiar miracles include the cleanse of the Roman centurions servant, the feeding of the five thousand, the transformation of water into wine, the rearing of Lazarus, and the raising of daughter of Jairus. Possibly pen between A. D.59 to 63, or perhaps fifteen to twenty years later(prenominal), the goal Luke had in writing this gospel was to lay out forth the message that the love of God is not unspoilt for Jews, but for every angiotensin-converting enzyme who hopes in him. John The final of the four gospels, the gospel of John is largely narrative. It is believed that it was written erst period(prenominal) between A. D. 80 and 95. However, there are those who believe that it was written as early as the A. D. 50s and no later than A. D. 70. Like Mark, John begins his gospel with John the Baptist baptizing Jesus, and progressing from this point on up to the death and resurrection of Jesus.Written at a time when non-Jewish chase of Jesus were organism bombarded with the Greek theory that Jesus was divine but not unfeignedly human, the purpose of this gospel being written was so that the people would believe that Jesus truly was the Son of God, and that he was the excogitate make into flesh. unity finical aspect that sets this gospel apart from the former(a) three is the comprehension of several sermons Jesus gave during his three-year ministry, n 1 of which are found in the other three gospels. Acts Written by Luke slightly A. D.63 to 70 to Theophilus, who may brook been a particular person or a reference to the Christians in general, the book of Acts is largely historical narrative written in the form of a garner. Covering the period from Pentecost, as well as the early stages of the disciples going out and preaching the joint of God, the text tail end be viewed as the sequel to the Gospels. Within it is an explanation by Luke regarding the incredible produce of the early Christian church, as well as a parole regarding the source of conflict between Jewish and Gentile Christians, both of whom would be brought together eventually through their mutual love of Christ.One of the key events at bottom the text is the martyrdom of the disciple Stephen, now known as enshrine Stephen. He is one(a) of legion(predicate) that Luke compiles about who die for their belief in Christ. Romans The book of Romans is the first of bakers dozen earns, or epistles, written by the apostle capital of Minnesota to various non-Jewish Christian communities, in which he offers them advice and expounds on the teachings of Christ. Written sometime(prenominal) in A. D. 57, and largely narrative conversation, it was gear to the mostly Gentile associates of Christ living in Rome.His goal in writing this particular garner was three-fold. First, he cute to introduce himself to the Christian community in Rome and garner their succor in spreading the gospel. Second, he wanted to develop, expand, and defend the gospel message he was preaching. Finally, he wanted to encourage the Roman Christians to depend solely on God for their salvation. In this way, they would better realize and downstairsstand that they digest become ri ghteous and be transform through believing in Christ. To that end, the main themes of the text are faith, grace, righteousness, and justification.As a result, this text best serves those seeking spiritual refreshal, and played a diametric role in the development of the belief held by Martin Luther that faith unaccompanied justifies and thus in the Protestant Reformation, which forever changed Christianity. 1 Corinthians The second of xiii earn offering advice and exposition on the teachings of Christ, capital of Minnesota wrote this earn to the Christian community in Corinth more or less A. D. 54 to 55. Within two to three years laterward starting the Christian community in Corinth, capital of Minnesota got word that there was a capacious deal of strife at bottom the youthfulness church.There were those who had become spiritually arrogant, which in turn led to problems such(prenominal) as sexual misconduct, mistreatment of fellow believers, abuse of spiritual gifts, and a general misconstruing of the basic teachings of Christ. Thus, capital of Minnesota wrote this letter to help restore balance to the rude(a)-fangled Christian community, giving them simple and straightforward advice on what needed to be done to restore unity inside their church. Thus, the text contains information concerning Christian living, relationships within the church, spiritual gifts, love, and the teachings of Christ all of which are still applicable today.2 Corinthians The third of thirteen earn offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, this was a follow-up letter written to the Corinthian Christian community around A. D. 55. Due to an uprising within the community, capital of Minnesota felt obliged to write this letter to accomplish the quest the calming of various disagreements within the community, the regaining of unity within the community, and the reestablishment of capital of Minnesotas role as the attraction of the community.Various them es covered in the text include the following how to handle discordance within the church, false teaching, church leadership, the plight of other Christian communities, and monetary live of the church and the poor. Paul alike discusses the hopes, fears, and assurances he has for the Corinthian church and their relationship with God. Galatians The fourth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, the letter was written by Paul to the Christian community in Galatia, a Roman province in what is now central Turkey. Written around A.D. 48 to 53, just under 25 years after Jesus was on Earth, the letter was meant to denounce and correct the false teachings cropping up in the churches that Paul and his fellow disciple Barnabas had established. The letter was also written by Paul as a method of defending his single as an apostle of Christ, which had been questioned and attacked, and also to reassert the love he had for the Galatians. This text goes brook to the basics of Christianity and its teachings, focusing on what the gospel is, how it is received, and how it can be utilise to daily living.Paul accomplishes through a variety of techniques, such as illustrations from his life and that of Abraham, to encourage the Galatians to return to the pure gospel and avoid the legalism that false teachers were energy on them. Ephesians The fifth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, it was written by Paul sometime during his poundage in Rome, around A. D. 60 to 62. The goal was to provide encouragement to the Christians of Ephesus to view themselves in a square new way.They had once been idol-worshipers, involving in pagan activities and adhering to foolish philosophies. Now, Paul wanted them to realize that they were people in Christ. The text provides insight into what God wants for his following, stresses unity within the church and among its believers, and provides the usual practical advice with regard to Christian living. Philippians The sixth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, it was written by Paul around A. D. 60 to 62, while Paul was under house arrest awaiting trial regarding an appeal to the emperor Nero.Philippi was the first settle in European that Paul had begun a church, sometime around A. D. 50. He eventually moved on, but the people continued to express their faithfulness to him by offering aid to him whenever they could. Thus, when he was under house arrest, they sent him money to help with his living expenses. The letter was written to thank them for the help, as well as to chasten them once morest false teachers and to urge them to be more unified. The text also contains one of the most prominent psalms of the word of honor regarding praise to and for Jesus (25-11).Finally, it contains practical advice to help one reshape his or her thinking match to the ways of God. Colossians The seventh of thir teen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, it was also written during the time Paul was under house arrest. Geared toward the trivial Christian community founded by Epaphras, one of Pauls disciples, in the small city of Colosse, the goal of the letter was emphasize the supremacy of Christ, which was being challenged by the appearance of a new religious philosophy called Gnosticism.This new philosophy was a mixture of Christian, Jewish and pagan beliefs that were beginning to take hold. Pauls intention was to tiller it clear that the nature, identity, deity, and authority of Christ were unquestionable and unparalleled. Other aspects also moved(p) on in the text include the various ways that one can develop and maintain attitudes and actions that honor Christ. 1 Thessalonians The eighth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, this letter was written by Paul sometime around A. D. 50 to the Christian community in The ssalonica.Founded during his second missionary journey, Paul had been forced to leave the community over referable to violence and opposition against him. When he later received news of how well the community was thriving, he wrote this letter to them to commend them on their success, but also to advise them to clear up any mis construeings that existed. The text thus provides guidelines on how Christians can live a holy life even if meet by hostility to their religious beliefs. It also touches on the aspect of lasting life, offering clues about the end times and the return of Christ to the Earth.2 Thessalonians The ninth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, this second letter was written not too long after the first. Paul wrote it due to the impression he got that the Thessalonicans needed an extra dose of his advice with regard to their community. several(prenominal) themes are touched upon in this letter suffering, work, and the end t imes. This letter, in alignment with the first one, provide for Christians then and now, a great deal of information with regard to what will happen in the end times.It could be verbalize to be a precursor to the book of Revelations, which goes into greater detail about the end times. Finally, the text reminds all Christians that, though our earthly life is terminal, we have the hope of living eternally with Christ. 1 timothy The tenth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, this letter is different in that it was accommodate toward on specific person rather than a whole community. timothy was a protege of Pauls, and was now the leader of a small Christian community that was going through difficult times.Written shortly after Paul was released from jail sometime around A. D. 63 to 65, the letter offered Timothy specific guidelines on how to organize and run the church, as well as offered various practical solutions with regard to believers d eveloping stronger relationships among themselves, as well as with their leaders and the world at large. Thus, the supreme theme of the text is that a church requires unity in order to survive and prosper. 2 Timothy The eleventh of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, this second letter to Timothy was written around A. D.66 to 67, when Paul was once again in a Roman prison. This time, however, it was clear he would die in that prison. As a result, many of the people who had supported him had now off aside from him. This letter, then, is considered to be one of the last written by Paul. In it, he borders his concern not just for Timothy, but also for the Christian churches overall. He offers encouragement to the faithful, discusses various teachings of Christ and events that will occur in the last days of time, and ends with him giving Timothy his assignment to spread the word of God and closing remarks. TitusThe twelfth of thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, it was written to Titus by Paul sometime between A. D. 63 to 65, during his travels following his first release from prison. Titus was a protege of Paul, and had helped him start, organize, and lead several churches end-to-end the eastern half of the Roman Empire. The letter contains advice for Titus, who was now a young leader of a troubled church on the island of Crete. In it, Paul tells Titus to refute and ignore all false teachers, to work for the unity of his church, and to observe good leaders for the church.It also provides guidelines for living a godly life, and emphasizes the part of faith with regarding to overcoming the problems of division and disharmony within the church. Finally, it puts forth the point that does who stop in the face of difficulty will reap the benefits and rewards of their perseverance. Philemon The last of the thirteen letters offering advice and expounding on the teachings of Christ, it was written to Philemon by Paul between A. D. 60 and 62, while he was in prison. Philemon was a affluent Christian who was part of the church at Colosse. One of his slaves Onesimus had run away from him.This same slave had come in contact with Paul while both were in a Roman prison. While there, Onesimus became a follower of Christ. After this, Paul decided to send the young man pricker to his former master, along with this letter communicate for Philemon to forgive Onesimus. The hope Paul had was that Philemon would become a living example of the grace that all Christians receive through Christ. Thus, the text provides a riveting tale of the cost of asking for and granting forgiveness. It also demonstrates how important it is for Christians to realize they are all equal and gratifying in the eyes of Christ.Hebrews Hebrews is the first of eight superfluous letters within the invigorated Testament. Written between A. D. 60 and 70, the author is not identified. manageable su ggestions could be Paul, Barnabas, Luke, or Apollos. The purpose of the letter was to remonstrate with the early Jewish believers in and followers of Christ, who were suffering continual persecution, against come backing back to their Old Testament way of life. Throughout the letter, the author uses vivid illustrations from the Old Testament to demonstrate what God had done through Christ.There are strong frantic appeals to the Hebrews, the name initially used to refer to the Jews before they were called Israelites, to maintain the new covenant they had with Christ rather than revert back to the old one that had been made in the days of Noah, Abraham, and Jacob. These various connections and contrasts between the Old and New Testaments are meant to demonstrate the superiority of Christ and the new covenant made with him. Ultimately, the letter is meant to inspire all who read it to maintain their faith in Christ in all situations.James James is the second of eight additional lett ers within the New Testament. It is achievable that this was the first book of the New Testament to have been written, sometime between A. D. 40 and 50. The letter was geared to the twelve tribes, and this could mean either the people of Israel that had now become followers of Christ or the church in a symbolic sense. It was meant to warn them against some of the habits they had developed which were undermining them favoritism, slander, pride, the misuse of wealth, and impatience.The last goal of the letter was to demonstrate that, though one can believe in Christ, it is still possible to live the wrong way. However, it also shows that it is possible to turn belief in the right doctrine into right living. 1 Peter This first letter written by Peter is the third of eight additional letters within the New Testament. Composed sometime between A. D. 60 to 64, and geared to the Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor (modern Turkey), the letter was meant to encourage the early Christ ians in the face of the continual persecution they were facing.This persecution had scattered them, thus spreading their belief in Christ however, some were beginning to feel abandoned by God. To understand why they would feel this way, the letter must be placed in its historical setting. When Christianity first emerged, the Roman government had allowed early Christians the same part of religious freedom they allowed the Jews. However, as tensions grew between Jewish and Christian beliefs, the border for Christianity began decreasing. This decreased tolerance led to the Roman governments persecution of Christians, including Peter, who endured imprisonment and beatings for his faith.Thus, the goal of the letter is to demonstrate how faith is tested through suffering, and can be strengthened by it. 2 Peter This second letter written by Peter is the fourth of eight additional letters within the New Testament. It was geared to the same people Christians scattered throughout Asia Mino r and was written in Rome sometime between A. D. 64 and 68. This time, the purpose of the letter was to warn the people against false teachers that had begun to infiltrate various Christian communities.In doing so, Peter hoped that the warning would prevent the Christians from being taken in by the false teachings, and instead remain true and faithful to the word of God. Several key themes can be found throughout the letter the need and importance of developing a Christian character, the importance of keeping on to the truth, warnings against false teachers and prophets, and advice on how to live a life that is base on the return of Christ to Earth. 1 John The first of a series of letters written by John, who also wrote one of the four gospels, it is the fifth of eight additional letters within the New Testament.Written sometime in the A. D. 80s, when John was an old man, the letter was geared to a gathering of Christian communities near Ephesus. These communities were part of a springing up of Christian communities uphill after the first major wave of persecution Christians endured during the rule of the Roman Emperor Nero. Possibly the last surviving apostle, John wrote this to encourage these new Christian communities, and also as a sort of history and examination of the gains and losses of the early Christian church.Some of the themes covered in the letter include the following the fact that God is the light and his followers must walk in that light to maintain a bond with him loving your fellow man as Christ taught having faith in the Son of God Christ and avoidance of anything that attempts to refute the teachings of God. He concludes by restating that Christians are the children of God, and that through Christ, we have an understanding of who God is and of the promise of eternal life he offers to those who believe in him. 2 JohnThe second of a series of letters written by John, it is the sixth of eight additional letters within the New Testament. It was most likely written shortly after the first letter, and was most likely meant to accompany the first letter. His goal in writing it was to help renew the commitment the Christians made to follow Christ by but exposure of false teachings, and to also encourage them to remain faithful to God. Thus, many of the themes covered in the first letter are touched on within this short follow-up letter.Also, it is something of a challenge to those who believe in God to make sure they are firm in their faith. 3 John The last of a series of letters written by John, it is the seventh of eight additional letters within the New Testament. It was most likely written shortly after the second letter. However, unlike the first two geared to Christian communities in general, this letter is written specifically to Gaius, a friend of Johns. The letter served to commend Gaius for his faithful support of legitimate teachers, while warning him against the actions of a strong-minded leader by the name of Diotrephes.Again, many of the same themes touched on in the first letter are touched on in this letter. However, the primary focus is on walking in the light of God and living according to his teachings. Jude The last of eight additional letters, it was written by Jude, the half-brother of Jesus and full brother of James. Composed sometime around A. D. 65 or possibly earlier, Jude wrote it because he was concerned about the possibility of Christians being skeletal to and taken in by the many false doctrines being put forth at the time.Therefore, he urged believes to maintain and fight for the Christian faith. Although brief, the letter provides direct warnings against turning away from God, while also touching on the many promises a life lived in the word of God can offer. Revelation The final book of the New Testament, and of the Bible as a whole, this was most likely written by John sometime around A. D. 90 to 96. The book went to the seven Christian communities located in As ia Minor, to warn them against letting go of their faith in Christ.It also reassured them of the ultimate victory of those who remain faithful over those who choose to live immorally. The text is considered to be apocalyptic narrative, due to its many prophecies. There is a great deal of imagery and symbolism, which are used to demonstrate how evil within the world will be replaced with the good and peacefulness of the kingdom of God. Thus, the ultimate message is that, ultimately, good will defeat evil, and the world will revert back to what it had been before Adam and Eve committed the first sin.

How reliable are the narrators in the novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and the fiction novel Great Expectations of Charles Dickens Essay

A rock-steady vote counter is one who is factual, trus dickensrthy, and competent in relating the story. Generally, there ar two types of fibbers. The foremost individual narrator focuses in-depth on only one mention, which could be his or her character, and the impact of other characters on this sole character. Third mortal narrators provide a comprehensive picture of the different characters and the situations unfolding in the story.While third party narrators receive greater regard for reliableness due to omniscience, a first off or third person narrator could be reliable or unreliable depending on the character of the narrator and the intention of the novel. The novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a trap narration, which means the story lies within a story. To achieve this end, there are two narrators. The first narrator is unknown and provides an introduction of the character of the aid narrator, Charlie Marlow.The narration describes Marlow as having deep-set cheeks and yellowish complexion nevertheless erectly indicating he is non heavily built but not slight either. The unknown narrator, by representing the views of the other volume on board the transmit in describing Marlow as non-conventional or uncharacteristic because of his tendency to weave stories and itemise tales introspectively, expresses the reliability of his assessment of Marlow. This puts into question the factual manner of Marlows narration.In Marlows accounts of his trip along the Congo River to fetch Kurtz, an ivory monger trapped in an African village, the focus is more of his interpretation of people and events without much recount of who these people are and the context of the situation. Marlow is clearly against colonialism but do not recount in detail the situation in Africa that makes colonialism repulsive to him and what are the solutions. The trustworthiness of Marlow as a narrator is not clear-cut. Marlow is a decent person but his actions do not unendingly reflect his views.He is against the exploitative nature of the colonial explorers in Africa and feels loaded down(p) by the situation but his character is complicit about the situation. He has circumscribed interaction with the natives and does not express their views. Marlow is a competent narrator but only for himself. His accounts do not reflect the experiences and perspectives of the other people he talks about such as the villagers of the communities he visited or the colonial communities in Africa. In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, the narrator is shoot, who is also the of import character of the novel.Pips narrative is factual because he tells not only about his good side such as fate people and becoming a gentleman but also of his pestiferous side such as his mistaken impression about Magwich and his overplus of Joes uneducated ways. Pip is a protagonist in the novel, an deprive but kindhearted boy, who although frightened to steal food for a thi ef, cause him guilt, and although yielding to the initial class-based prejudices wrought by society, ended up devising things right. The nature of the character of Pip as trustworthy and sensible makes his accounts reliable. Pip is an eyewitness narrator.The novel is a semi-biographical work, which means that Pip is telling his behavior sentence story according to his own experiences and perspectives. This finds expression in some of the chapter titles such as The Convict Frightens Me, I Execute My trust, and My State of point. Pip is also the main character. This means that he is competent to itemize his story and the story of the people around him whom he witnessed. This makes his accounts reliable because of first hand experience and view. Although a first person narrator, the trustworthy character of Pip makes him a reliable storyteller of his own life and the life of the people around him.Heart of Darkness and Great Expectations include first person narrators. Although, t here is general reservation towards the reliability of first person narrators, the reliability of these narrators also depend on character, plot and intention of the story. ground on the criteria of a reliable narrator, the narrator in Great Expectations is more reliable because of his factual account and trustworthy character while the narrator in Heart of Darkness is not very factual or trustworthy. The third person narrator in Heart of Darkness attests to the atypical character of the first person narrator.

An Interview with Steve

Life for me has amounted mainly to life present in Texas. IVe traveled a miniature IVe been to both the west and east coasts of this ground. IVe jiben large cities and small t causes, oceans, forsake and mountains. IVe traveled through several states and impart met nation from all kinds of backgrounds. growth up we had classes in school. We learned of a whole new serviceman let out thither, with different tillages and traditions.We had learned how our country began how it was discovered, how it was populated, and of the wars our ancestors went through to ain emancipation and equality for all who live here. Through our parents and grandparents we learned that, with the exception of congenital Americans, our ancestors emigrated here from countries far away, well-nigh of which are separated from us by vast oceans. Other than what we obligate read, the pictures we see in those books, the portrayals on idiot box and film, roughly of us will never know the places our anc estors walked, or intercourse with raft who pre movely live in those countries.With the development of the Internet and the human universe Wide Web, those countries are now coming literally to our fingertips. whiz of the most fascinating aspects of acquire access to the Internet is how it brings the people of the conception into our own homes. We can find out firsthand how those people live, what they believe, their customs, and their opinions of us. That is the focus of this es give tongue to. One of my straightforward friends, for the past ii and half age, is a man named Steve. We met online in a chat community and become fast friends. He is 48 years old and lives in Essex, England, which is a county northeast of capital of the United Kingdom.Steve is a truck driver by trade and a musician by heart. Hes sent me slightly of his songs, two of which he rote, and in my opinion, hes a very genuine musician, though he often give voices hes not. Hes an avid Rolling Stvirtuo sos fan, and most of the songs he performs at pubs reflect this. This makes for amusing chats between us at generation as he tries to convert another wayward soft-rock-loving soul into a Stones fan. Im not really sure how Steve felt intimately me asking to do my essay on him. He undoubtedly counts Im being very prying, nosey peep was the actual term he used, exclusively he did consent to being referenceed.The only question he asked was if he had to be serious in his answers. When I asked him Where do you live? of course he nswered modem land. I told him that didnt help with my essay, and he replied, mfou know the answer, ask the stuff you dont. And so our interview began It seems that America has a great fascination with Great Britain. We see British actors every. vnere. We even nave some British snows on television. Many ot the stories covered in the news these days are telling of news of England, especially concerning the magnificent family. Why is this?IVe mentioned this fact to Steve a few measure in chats. This opens up kind of a little debate. He says its only natural for us to look to them, as England is the parent of us. I tell him that cant be. My ancestors came from France and Ger umpteen. He cash in ones chipss a chuckle, and thusly starts to lecture on how America as a whole was started by them, and we made the grave mis pass water of wasting good position tea, to which I happily reply that its 0k, because I dont drink tea. I asked Steve if he sees himself as slope or British. English, foremost, he says. I then asked him what he enjoys about his country.He verbalise he enjoys the countryside, with its quiet rolling hillsides, spring flowers and gentle silver rivers. He enjoys the music, and the English ale, with its bitter solely smooth taste, and he adds it must(prenominal) be erved at room temperature. Somehow I think he was being extra poetic because I had asked him to elaborate on his victor answer of countryside, music, Engl ish ale. Hes generally a man of few words, at least typed words, however when gently prodded, he can say quite a lot, some dates sarcastically, besides often humorously. We discussed some of the history in England.He says that the English tend to take their historical sites for granted, though they do a good Job of protecting the old buildings and sights. When I asked if he goes out and enjoys the historical places, he say, No, but IVe worked in a few places of historical inte fill-in. He says If you live in Manhattan, you dont go up to the Statue of Liberty. We take it all for granted really. We shouldnt but do. I can easily see the truth in what he says, as a great deal of our history here is being allowed to be forgotten. When speaking of lifestyles, Steve says that he likes to experience different cultures. unfit Ben is on my doorstep.I would rather travel the world and see differing ways of living. I can see Big Ben anytime. The world is changing. Id like to see some of it before McDonalds gets on that point first. Even Bangkok has a McDonalds. Steve is speaking f his recent trip to Bangkok, Thailand. I asked him if differing lifestyles was the big draw for so many British to immigrate to the states. He says that the draw for the English is that living in the states is similar to Englands way of life, only more than more comfortable. The main difference, he says, between England and the United States is that America is very inward looking.We seem to baffle 99% American news and Just 1% on the rest of the world. Though that may commence changed since 9/1 1 . He says that Americans wish to know less of the world in general. Then he apologized for sounding insulting. He ent on to say that England ruled most of the world at one point, so theyVe always had interest in the world. He says that their news is about 50/50. I said that I wondered why England wants to rule so many countries. He said We dont anymore. Weve tried to concur some countries ba ck, but they wont have it. We tried to give Gibraltar back to Spain, but the people said they wanted to stay British I asked why that was.He said, They like us. Were quaint. This moved us on toa subject Steve has much to say about. I asked him what life was like under the rule of a monarchy. He likewisek no time to say, Personally, its dreadful. I hate being the Queens subject. Having only seen the monarchy on American television, I was curious as to why he would say that. He replied, l resent their ways, their opinions. They are snobs of the worst kind let and pampered while some of their people starve on the streets. Theyre hypocrites. He goes on to say that the royals are expensive trophies for the tourists to view.Steve states, Theyll never change. The aristocracy survives to keep the works man in his place. Give him a beer, a bit of telecasting and football, and hell be good and quiet. I mentioned that they portray the royals here as movement oward a possible collapse, and he says, Its not that simple, Im afraid. They are too powerful, too rich. They have low friends in high places. It would take a regeneration to get rid of them, and the English people Just want a quiet life. To lighten the conversation up, I turned the subject to English traditions. He states that there arent many left.He says, We have Guy Fawkes Day. Its fireworks to celebrate the mesmerise of Guy Fawkes, who tried to blow up parliament. He laughs, When I worked there, tidy sum in the basement on a wall is scrawled Guy Fawkes was here, and an netmail address. Guy Fawkes was like three hundred years ago. We also have Pancake Day, when we all eat pancakes. Some have pancake races, where women fall out while tossing pancakes in a pan. We also have egg and spoonful races where you run with an egg balanced on a small spoon. alone very sensible pastimes. Our conversation rolled around to what the English think of America.Steves impression seems to come through easily with h is words. It depends on whether theyVe been to America or not. IVe never met anyone whos been there that doesnt love America or Americans. Americans over here in England, though, can come across as a little loud and brash. The English that go over to the States tend to go to Florida for the modality and Disneyworld. Its where all the travel package companies sell holidays to. Its closer than California. Most English peeps like beaches. They fly 5000 miles to lie on a beach for two weeks. It doesnt make sense to me. Id rather see the countryside or the cities. Then he quotes Sunshine bores the daylights outta me, a Mick Jagger line. Did I mention he was a Stones fan? Steve has always been quick to say how much he loves America. Hes traveled across the ocean about four times already, and driven from one coast to the other, a trek he ays he wants to do again, as soon as he can afford a month off from work. I asked if he thought it would be more difficult, since 9/1 1, to get a visa t o come here. He said he has a life visa. If youVe been in the States a couple of times on short visas and havent overstayed or misbehaved, they give you a life visa.Or at least they used to. He proudly admits to having one. With his views of the government in England, I couldnt help but ask if hed ever considered moving here. He said he had, after his first visit here. And after his second. A d his third The first couple ot times I was married My sister-in-law nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide MS and my wife wouldnt leave England. I also had a cranny band, which in American terms means a really good band. On a later trip, the housing market crashed. If I had interchange my house, I would have owed $120,000. Going back to the discussion of England, I asked if they got much sunshine during the year.Steve, in his charming way said, mieah, we had a good summer. deal it happened on a Thursday. I inquired about this because weve all seen the old true movies depicting London always u nder a blanket of fog. When I mentioned this, he laughed. No, thats a myth. We do get fog occasionally but mostly in the countryside, ot London. But when we get it, we get it, thick as soup. He goes on to say that it rains a lot in England, which makes the country very green, which he likes. England is known for its poor maintenance on roads. I asked Steve about this.He says, Potholes are everywhere in local roads. The weather breaks roads up and they wont pay for upkeep. England is famous for digging holes in the roads. They lay cables, pipes, and so forth , fill them in, come back a week later, dig them up again. Its a British pastime. I asked if people travel much. He says most people holiday abroad. Its cheaper to go to Spain than to stay in England. When asked if England was a majority of wealthy or poor, he says that most are not poor, but they have their money tied up in their houses. On paper, there are a lot of rich people.I myself have $200,000 on paper, but its tied u p in my house. The cheapest apartment in my area be $130,000. If you rent, its usually from the local government. Then, as an example, after a few years you can buy it at a 66% discount. Then you pay maybe $30,000 for a house thats worth $100,000, so most people buy. The government does this for their own benefit. Its short term they get cash and dont have to pay the maintenance costs. The downside is that there are no homes available for people to rent. I unfortunately bought on the open market, so no discount. Its elicit to know that, like here in America, they have a transmutation of accents. Steve speaks Cockney, which is known around the London area. If youVe seen the Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen film Winning London, my sisters favorite movie, youll get a hint of it. To us its fast mouth and hard to understand, and believe me, isnt much easier to understand in text, which he throws in from time to time Just to confuse me. He also mentions the Queens English, which is much mor e proper sounding, and hat we generally hear spoken on television.There are other accents as well, depending on the region you come from. I hated to end the interview. England has so much to learn about. I would have liked to delve much more deeply into the history and culture of his country, the things we dont hear and read about here in the States. But its getting late for Steve. England is 7 hours ahead of Texas. Its very easy to forget the time difference and Just keep talking, on my end at least. I am very happy to have met Steve, even if we never get the opportunity to meet tace-to-tace.

God of Small Things Essay

In God of petty(a) Things, written by Arundati Roy, Roy talks ab break through and through many things entirely matchless thing that stood step to the fore was her electr championgativity of what the colonist had brought over into India. Her argument could be that the colonist brought materialism into their horti gardening making the infixeds think that they need things that they rightfully do non need. The colonist bring the thought that making funds any way possible is acceptable and Roy points out that ritual dances argon even being used as a way of profit. Roy is well(p) pointing out what effect colonialism has had on the slew of the indigene country.Like many other text from post-colonial nations God of Sm either Things points out the negative facet of colonialism. Roy throughout the book talks active the city of Ayemenem and the river that used to prevail through it. On one side of this river thither was a come forth c everyed the history house. Roy describes this place as a worn and grizzly disposed terra firma of the realm in a couple of her chapter exactly in one chapter she is describing what it looks like right away and how different it is from when she was just a child. In chapter pentad a hotel is depict this is the chapter that I think she criticizes the rich and how they perk up become rich.Roy is showing her disapproval for the colonist making what was once an abandoned land fill into a tourist attraction that is no durable an eye sore and is at present a beautiful estate. In chapter five Rahal returned to the river she used to know as a child. She describes how it used to be compargond to how it is now that she has returned. Rahal does non guaranteem to c atomic number 18 about progress So now they had two harvests a year instead of one. More rice-for the price of a river (Roy 59). Sure batch were making a profit from the rice besides there will always be more or less(a)one that is making a profit from somethi ng.The and good thing that Roy sees from the people making barges is that there is one more harvest there be many rewards from having some other harvest and they are non recognized it is not that she probably does not see them exclusively she is just pointing out the negativity from the colonist. Roy continues on and describes a five-star hotel that had bought what they used to call the Heart of Darkness. She says that the History House no longer could be approached from the river and that the house had turned its back on Ayemenem.Roy described this place as an abandoned haunted estate that nobody forever went to when she was a child but she says that it has turned its back on Ayemenem. erst again progress is looked at in a negative way. The hotel guests were transported to the estate by a speed boat through the backwaters and Roy describes the boats as expiration a film of gasoline. She does say that the hotel does have a beautiful cod but says that they try to cover up th e slum part of Ayemenem, which is understandable, it is not nature, all the slum was man made and they do not neediness to look at slummy areas.There was not much that the hotel could do about the smell of the waist. Roy catch up withs many assumptions about the hotel people. First the thoughts are that the people substantially care what is going on around them, and they do not care. She calls the estate a smelly paradise the guest are to work over used to the smell as they have become resistant to other peoples poverty with that statement she is claiming that everyone that possesss the hotel and stays there is rich and does not know what poverty taste like everything was a matter of discipline, nil more to them.Roy then goes on to criticize the way the people are making money through selling their history. In chapter five Roy not only criticizes and shows the negatives of progress, with hardly any positives, but also criticizes the way the people are making a living and profit . The hotel people advertise their estate as a paradise with history making many yellow(prenominal) claims just to draw the tourist to their paradise. She called many of the buildings that had history for sale plaything Histories.Roy does not like the fact that these people are trying to make a profit off of their own history and culture. The biggest thing of all probably is when the hotel hires dancers to perform dances that are classic ritual dances that have actual meaning and are not just for show six second classics are turned in to 20 minuet shows for pleasure. The ancient ritual dances were thin out into nothing more than entertainment where at one time they had meant something to the culture that those people once love so dearly.Here it is easy to see why Roy would criticize so much but one mustiness realize that everyone cannot be pleased and never will be pleased. The colonial effect had some good effects and had bad, but Roy again only seems to point out the negativit y that the colonialism has brought to the nation. Roy brings up many problems in her native land I know that the point of her book is to point out the negativity of post-colonialism on her country but still, point out some more good things that did come out of colonialism.In many texts it is the kindred way though. In God of Small Things it speaks negatively of people from the native land sending their children to boarding schools in Britain, not directly but you can see that she is making a point that all the negativity is geared at those from the culture who have brought British culture and British economics back to their land. Whereas in Soyinkas Death of the Kings Horseman, the horsemans son has gone to Britain to study but comes back.After coming back he sees that his father has gone against impost and he decides to take it upon himself to see that the act is fulfilled in some form or another in this text you have a native that stayed true to his native land but in Roys case the natives that went to Britain did not stay true and keep up their own culture but rather adopted anothers culture. other example of colonist having an lick on the children of the native land and infiltrating through them is in Things Fall Apart, Okonkwos son becomes a Christian and Okonkwo does not like that, it is the beginning of his culture being put to a halt.Roy, I do not think, is pointing out all the people who sent their children to Britain but rather that even though India was Independent it still had Britains influence impacting almost everything in daily lives. In conclusion, Roy makes descriptive negative images because it is what she sees and has seen from the start. spate that have not grown up in her culture from return and seen the changes she has seen cannot fathom what she has seen.If someone from a more developed country was to go there they would see progression as a positive verbal expression because it is what they have grown up with but for people in t hat culture they can see the negative aspects of some progress and that is what Roy is pointing out, she does point out some positives but the majority of the description about the way hostelry is looked at is negative. The book becomes a very dreary read and instead depressing at some points because of all the negativity and horrible things that happen.However, all of the description of even the negative parts make you really get a since of what Roy is trying to say and that is that even with all the negativity one can break barriers. At the end of the day it is not the colonist fault for making Roys society what is but rather the people that refuse to change what needs to be changed. It does not matter about how much negativity is directed at the colonist, if the native people do not take responsibility they are to blame just as much as the British. The negativity is not geared at the British but rather her own society and own people.

Management Challenges in the 21st Century Essay

IntroductionThe traditional focus education and training relies heavily on left-brain thinking, deductive reasoning and analytical thinking. The managers of the prox require a diametrical set of skills based on the partinging of the right-brain standardised holistic or systems thinking, intuitive problem-solving and value-driven ending- fashioning. While render parastatals could benefit from a number of these incorpo outrank lessons, readers should be clear salutary-nigh the many another(prenominal) ways in which government agencies differ from corporate entities. In the corporate adult males, a single metric profits surpasses either others in importance. By contrast, a government memorial tablet must address over achievement across a wide spectrum of activities.There is no equivalent to the simplifying agree of a corporate balance sheet. Corporations must adapt or assay bankruptcy, and publicly held companies be accountable to sh atomic number 18holders who sc rutinize their performance and profitability apiece quarter. These component parts present good incentives for corporations to invest in and drive vary over. The government organisations, in contrast, adapts only because of the will of its leading and staff. If it dawdles, it does non come under menace of bankruptcy or risk the ire of shareholders. even, the consequences of strategical failure at the parastatals pile be far sweller than that of a corporation.The Evolutionary circumstanceThe stovepipe minds in counselling were thoughtful and precise in identifying the management challenges of the twenty-first century. However there is nothing entirely fresh in the list of challenges. Most of them are subprogram of the rude(a) and emerging picture in management, discussed and debated in the suppuration management literature on this subject. However what is lacking in the discussion is a clear and precise collar of the variety show or ontogenesisary transition wh ich humanity as a whole is going finished. In other words, first we have to figure and identify clearly the growthary challenges facing future humanity as a whole and based on this understanding, we have to figure break what will be its implications for business and management. As the intuitive and developingary thinkers like Sri Aurobindo and Teil-hard-de-Chardin have pointed out, the main growingary challenge facing humanity is the education of thought from the rational, divisive and analytical consciousness of the mind towards the unitive, holistic and intuitive consciousness of the Sprit.The ultimate goal of this evolution is towards the creation or mental hospital of a Global Consciousness, wherein humanity discovers its inner apparitional unity. Sri Aurobindo called this lavishlyer consciousness as the Gnostic or supramental consciousness and Teil-hard-de-Chardin named it as the Omega identify beyond the rational mind. This is the deeper and inner signifi rout outc e of the present trends towards innovation(prenominal)isation, which is moving towards, not exactly a global hostelry or a global government, merely a global consciousness. The path to this global consciousness is through a system of set, education and culture which leads to a moral, psychological and spiritual development of the individual and collectivity. When this global consciousness expresses itself in the out more(prenominal) or less vitality it will lead to a global civilization, governed and united by the principle of a free, rich, harmonious and mutually complementing diversity.This is the inner imperative of the future evolution of mankind. In the external universe, the main thrust of the evolutionary drive of genius seems to be towards great distributive justice which inwardness greater dissemination of knowledge, power, wealth and culture into the masses, especially those who are suppressed or use in the previous cycles of evolution. This evolutionary thru st is expressing itself in the emerging society through the following movements 1. Increasing empowerment and cut officipation of woman, with more and more woman entering into the professional world and raising to leaders position. 2. great empowerment and participation of those causeers in the lower levels of the corporate hierarchy. 3. Thrust towards inclusive growth, economic upliftment of the poorer section of the society, quite a little participation in development, and a greater focus on minorities.The Integral ViewThese are the inner and ou end pointost evolutionary imperatives of the future. Those individuals or groups organisations, communities or nations who are able to successfully achieve or practice this evolutionary transition will gain evolutionary advantage over others and will be the leaders of the future. What are the implications of this future evolutionary imperative for business and management? First, in the heavens of slew, bang and values organizati ons have to discover a spicyer purpose which can liven up and trigger this higher evolution within the organisation. Second, in the domain of clement Resources Development, there must be a greater direction to the development of the moral, aesthetic, intuitive and spiritual faculties and potentialities of employees which will lead to their higher evolution.Third, in the domain of Organisational Development, creating a corporate surroundings and culture which felicitates this higher evolution among employees and too jockstraps them to express this inner and higher growth in the outer behavior. In this task, pissing consciously an organisational community governed by the values of French revolution liberty, equality and fraternity, will be a great help. This means reinventing the values of democracy at the organizational level. In this task, the corporate world can perhaps do a better telephone circuit than the political world because of two reasons first, in our modern age the world of business is much more energizing, efficient and innovative, with a much greater depicted object for organisation and execution than the world of politics second it is easier to see or organise the triple values in the smaller stead of an organization than on the larger scale in a nation.However, the diametriciate to a practical synthesis of the triple value lies in the third, federation or more specifically an inner fraternity in the mind, affection and soul of people or in other words, unity of consciousness. Fourth, in the domain of corporate social responsibility, there must be a greater integration of the corporation with the community, which means a more fanciful deployment of the expertise and resources of the corporation for the development of the surrounding community as a whole. Fifth, in the domain of sustainability a more integral attunement of the corporate life with the laws and way of Nature in the physical as well as psychological and spiritual di mensionsChallenges of wariness in the twenty-first hundred somatic executives emphasize the need for a clear, divided up vision a strong organizational culture ways of doing business that leverage the size and take a shit of the company and an institutionalized process that ensures the alignment of the corporations vision and its widely dispersed activities. Hierarchical, passing centralized, command-and control models no prospicienter naturalise for most global organizations. Such models reduce speed and agility, hinder entry and prevent valuable collaboration. Yet, many companies take advantage of their large size, mountain chain and reach.i) Enterprise MobilitySince the inception of Apples App Store in 2008, the model of enterprise mobility has evolved from a nice-to-have novelty into an essential part of doing business. Increasingly, organizations in a broad cross section of markets financial services, pharmaceuticals and life sciences, consumer products, education, auto motive, and manufacturing among them are beholding the value of mobilizing enterprise information and making it available to customers, employees, and partners. These organizations are making smart phones and tablet devices an big part of their sales, marketing, operations, and human resource strategies by developing customer facing mobile covers that drive revenue growth, build customer loyalty, and intone tick awareness. Theyre also creating internally pore applications that aim to remediate employee and partner efficiency, communication, and productivity.These initiatives have taken many different forms and met with varying degrees of success, but they illustrate that organizations are taking enterprise mobility seriously. With application downloads expected to height 44 billion by 20161, theyre sapiential to do so. Enterprises are also leveraging mobility to remediate internal operations, strengthen partner ties, and boost employee productivity. Driven by explosive g rowth in smart phone and tablet sales, enterprise mobility has become an essential part of business. Organizations across industries are developing internal- and external-facing mobile applications that drive revenue, build brand loyalty, strengthen communication with partners, and enhance employee productivity. Companies that have aggressively embraced enterprise mobility are see an impressive return on their investment. The rapid and ongoing rollout of new smart phone and tablet devices is driving new customers into the market, but also forces developers to build mobile applications for multiple platforms and device types. Keeping pace in this market requires an industrious, flexible, and iterative woo to application development.In-house development is a complex, expensive, and terminal figure consuming process that requires coding in multiple languages, extensive test on different platforms, and dedicated resources for ongoing updates and maintenance. Mobile web isnt a viab le option for addressing these challenges security is weak, user interface suboptimal, and functionality limited.ii) individualist and Leadership ChallengesGlobalisation, the war for talent, digital communications, societal miscellanys, the changing shape of organisations, and the aspirations of the following generation are all challenging 21st Century leaders in new ways. The quest for more sustainable and ethical organisations prompted by the business scandals of the nineties and the growing realisation that we cannot continue to raid our worlds natural resources without considering its future sustainability are also putting bizarre pressures on todays leaders to perform against a value of criteria which go far beyond those of successful business performance. Measuring leadership success must increasingly now include questions of the longer term common good socially, ethically and globally, at the same m as responding to the pace of change in a world where todays ideas might already be doomed to obsolescence.It is no longer profuse to stimulate followers through heroic gestures and charisma merely. 21st Century visionary leaders focus on growing deep organisational elaborateness amongst their followers, and on generating a shared and common understanding of a dynamic and evolving vision for the future. Visioning today is no longer the static or cave man activity it once was. No longer is it the sole prerogative of the top team. Looking beyond the organisations immediate environment into the world to help people to imagine the future, and then converting this image into an exciting destination means developing a climate in which ideas are shared and co-created. It means using all available antennae and tapping into all available net endures to continually create new knowledge inside the organisation. This knowledge includes understanding trends and shifts in society, technology, markets and people, looking for tipping points and spotting them early, assessing the speed and destination of these changes, and then of course interpreting these to determine how they will affect the organisation and its purpose over time. Visioning alone though, is not enough.Authenticity is another concept long debated by philosophers and psychologists amongst others, but one that is relatively new to the mainstream study of leadership, although interest in it is growing fast. To be truly authentic, however, also requires a deep understanding how our identity element has been shaped by the societal norms around us, a rejection of the pressures to behave as others want us to, and a refusal to display tactile sensationings we do not in reality relish. Fortunately our appetite for filling our workplaces with cultish rituals to be followed blindly and evangelistically is now virtually.Achieving genuineness in a world where our identities are created for us by a mass market media and the immediacy of the internet is not easy. It requires courage, self knowledge, shame and strong ain conviction. Those who work towards this goal, however, confirm that they find themselves happier in their working(a) relationships, more successful as leaders, and more able to engage and inspire their followers. For the 21st Century leader this is felt to be one of the most challenging but also one of the most important qualities a leader can aspire to.Perhaps one of the most tag shifts in thinking round leadership for the 21st Century is the regenerate emphasis we are now placing on mentoring and team development, as well as on growing the next generation of leaders. Many 21st Century leaders aim to try to spend more time with their teams to understand their aspirations and to identify the areas in which they need intervention, mentoring and direction. Others see their leadership employments as being just about unlocking the potential of their followers, and helping them deliver without micromanaging.iii) Change instructionorganisationa l change normally involves some threat, real or perceived, of personal loss for those involved. This threat may vary from job security to simply the disruption of an established routine. Furthermore, there may be tradeoffs between the long and short run. As an individual, I may clearly perceive that a particular proposed change is, in the long run, in my own best interests, and I may be very interested in seeing it happen, yet I may have short-run concerns that lead me to equalise particular aspects of the change or even the entire change project. The rate of change is escalating in virtually all organizations. The pressure is intense on anybody connected with the business world to focus time and attention on understanding the forces driving the changing environment and develop or implement the information systems needed to support the altered environment. One of the most nasty problems organizations face is dealing with change. In todays rapidly changing, highly competitive env ironment, the ability to change rapidly, efficiently, and almost continually will bed the winners from the losers.Many organizations will disappear because they find themselves unable to adapt. Furthermore, many of the pressures for change in organizations are independent of technologic change. This means that informaticians working for change are doing so in organizations which are already highly stressed by other pressures. Major organizational changes typically involve many different types and levels of personal loss for the people in the organization. For example, change always requires the crusade to notice the new, which is a loss in terms of time and power that could have been used elsewhere. Although some may welcome the learning opportunity, many of us dont want to invest that time and postcode unless we are dissatisfied with the current arrangements or see powerful advantages to the proposed change.Upgrading to new software is a common example, in which the future ben efits may not be seen as sufficient to outweigh the short-term investment need to learn the new programs. Second, people want to feel good about themselves. Ideally, people are able to take pride in their work, feel responsible for a job well done, feel they are part of a high-quality enterprise, and feel that their time has some significance. In many work situations, the work itself and the organizational culture make it difficult for people to feel good about themselves. In these poorer situations, people usually invent strategies to help them feel better about themselves, and these strategies involve getting some brain of control, belongingness, and significance out of their work. Sometimes this involves opposition to management, on the assumption that management is always up to no good. More commonly, the worker-management relationships are not totally alienated. Still, the workers strategies for achieving good feelings are unknown to or quite misunderstood by management.Ther efore, change initiatives, unknowingly and unintentionally, threaten to cause the workers serious personal loss. non surprisingly, the workers resist and do all they can to sabotage such change initiatives. Third, change initiatives often require large losses for midst managers. Generally, people perceive that information systems increase the ability of top executives to know more about what is going on and to exert more direct control. This means a serious loss of personal and organizational significance for the middle manager. Sometimes middle managers fight this loss. Any significant organizational change involves changing habits, which is, changing the way we actually do our work. This usually involves changes in the way we interact, both with people and our tools.New systems require us to learn a new set of behaviours. Resistance to change is an ongoing problem. At both the individual and the organizational levels, subway system to change impairs concerted efforts to improve performance. Many corporate change efforts have been initiated at tremendous hail only to be halted by resistance among the organizations employees. Organizations as a whole also manifest behaviour similar to that of individuals when face with the need to change. The relationship between individual and organizational resistance to change is important. An organization is a complex system of relationships between people, leaders, technologies, and work processes.From this fundamental interaction emerge organizational behaviour, culture, and performance. These emergent properties and behaviours are tightly linked in two directions to the lower-level interactions. Organizational resistance to change is an emergent property, and individual resistance to change can give rise to organizational resistance. A self-reinforcing lace of increasing resistance can develop as individuals create a environment in which resistance to change is the norm. That environment in turn encourages increas ed resistance to change among individual employees. The self-reinforcing nature of this loop can be tremendously powerful, defeating repeated attempts to break out of it.iv) Manpower ManagementParallel with the changes in the global arena, the qualifications of the workforce has been changed. The changes of the workforce required a shift from traditional personnel management to human resource management. With the evolution of HRM, this field has gained a more strategic perspective in practice. Human resources have started to be seen as an inimitable and most valuable factor for organizations to gain competitive advantage. With this perspective, HRM departments has gained more importance and become strategic players in the organization. Today, the new HRM requires being strategic partner in the organization by aligning all the HR functions with the mission, vision and strategies of the organization.Considering this, it is possible to say that high quality workforce can create this ad vantage. The change that has most impacted organizations in the past decade has been the increasing realization that human resources of an organization are the primary source of competitive advantage. It is now accepted that high qualified employees in the organization and the way how they are managed is very important to gain competitive advantage.HRM must change as the business environment and the world in which it operates changes. Parallel to these changes in technology, globalization and dynamics of comminute market, the way to manage human resources has changed. HRM managers have moved from handling straightforward personnel issues to making a strategic contribution to the future directions and development of the organization. With the evolution of HRM function from traditional to strategic, its graphemes and importance has gained more attention. The HR function and its process now have become more strategic and HR managers have been a part of the top management team.This strategic approach to HRM has led this function to be involved in strategic be after and decision making processes by coordinating all human functions for employees. aligning the strategies of the organization with the HR functions has become the essential part of gaining competitive advantage. The role of the HR for the 21st century is named as strategically reactive in business strategy implementation through supporting the long term strategies with the necessary employee qualifications and developing the cultural and technical capabilities required for the strategies of the organization.The need for managing the employees strategically in the 21st century also requires the management and the organization mental synthesis to be more flexible. The work system has started to change with autonomous work groups with high qualified workforces, outsourcing some of the operational HR functions, downsizing, delayering, employee participation to the decision systems, high wages for the high qualified human resources, virtual and interlocking organizations.21st century HR requires factors like increased centrality of people to organizational success, focus on whole systems and integrated solutions, strategic alignment and impact, capability for change. These factors are described below briefly * Increased Centrality of People to Organizational Success Undoubtedly the most powerful force affecting the evolution of HRM is the increased centrality of people to organizational success. The emergence of resource based views of organizations has set(p) increasing importance on intellectual and social capital. * Focus on Whole Systems and Integrated Solutions It is clear that HRM has become increasingly systematic during their evolutions. With the strategic proactive role of HRM, the challenge for HRM is to continue to develop innovative systems by focusing on the integrated functions and systems of organization.* Strategic Alignment and Impact 21st century HR has become more integrated by its standard efforts and it is expected that the importance of these efforts will increase in the coming years. This is all being driven by increased pressure to work on issues that are most important to the business and to provide organizational leaders with understandable information that helps them to make better and more strategic decisions about the workforce. Ultimately, it is essential to work together to enhance HRs capacity to contribute to organizational and financial performance. * Capacity for Change Todays organizations must thrive in complex and unpredictable environments and must be extremely agile. This demands the development and implementation of structures and processes that facilitate incremental change.The new human resources management for the 21st century should play a strategic role by contributing the strategy formulation process and being a strategic partner during the implementation of these strategies. The HR practices should be desig ned invariable with the strategies of the organization taking into consideration the essential HR needs. In couple with these, organizations can be able to be more flexible, flat and agile inrder to struggle with the changes in the competitive environment by gaining competitive advantage with their HR assets.HR professionals need to lead flatter organizations by encouraging individuals to exercise more initiative, autonomy and accountability by providing tools and techniques that improve their effectiveness and by enabling the acquisition of critical competencies through dogging learning opportunities (Schoonover, 2010).