How did Isaac Newton start off the Scientific Revolution - Free Essay Example

When the Apple fell on Newton’s head he discovered that gravity existed. â€Å"This most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being.† He’s stating that the universe is the force of gravity As a periodization, the Scientific Revolution has grown increasingly complex. As it has attempted to take account of new research and alternative perspectives, new additions and alterations have been made. The emergence of modern science during the early modern era, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy), and chemistry transformed societal views about nature and medicine. This was the change of medieval ideas of science occurred for four reasons: collaboration, the derivation of new experimental methods, the ability to build on the legacy of existing scientific philosophy, and institutions that enabled academic publishing. Daston stated This was â€Å"the most important transformation in human history† since the Neolithic era. The Britannica editors state that â€Å"The Neolithic era is the final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans. It was characterized by stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, dependence on domesticated plants or animals, settlement in permanent villages, and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.† This event was when humanity was thought to reach its peak by developing craftsmanship. What we call today as Modern Science and Technology is in fact not modern, but was born nearly half a millennium ago during Renaissance era in Europe. According to Wotton, the scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance Era lasting from the 15th century to 18th century. Ancient people who were considered the first scientists at the time called themselves â€Å"natural philosophers† or â€Å"practitioners of a skilled profession† or as â€Å"followers of a religious tradition† this. Both institutionally and conceptually, science was not an independent practice, in fact, it was looked down upon and considered witchcraft and what we see today wouldnt have been possible in the past. Much of what we know as science today was originally undertaken by priests and monks, and scientific knowledge was taught in temples and monasteries not through self-study or thought in schools like our modern world today. This caused a domino effect which was started by Newton. If it wasn’t for Newton we wouldn’t have modern day physics or have the evolution of science. The Scientific Revolution was not marked by any single change, but it was a century-long process of discovery that further elaborated and developed the findings of those who had come before us —from the scientific learning from the ancient Greeks to their scholarly contributions of the Islamic thinkers, and the work of the late medieval and early Renaissance Europeans. The Medieval Islamic Science period lasted from 7th century to 15th century and it was the biggest contribution to our society, during the time Muslims were the leading scholars and the heirs to the scientific traditions of Greece, India, and Persia. The Islamic Science suffered a gradual decline in the early 12th century which provided the Europeans an opportunity to seek and translate the works of Islamic philosophers and scientists. Beginning in the late 11th century and the next two centuries the Islamic world was under pressure by The Crusades and Mongol conquests, during which libraries, observatories, hos pitals, and universities were destroyed to show the superiority of the Crusaders and Mongols. In addition to Mongolian invasions and the Crusaders, political mismanagement and the stifling of ijtihad in the 12th century in favor of taqlid thinking played a part. The destruction of the intellectual center of Baghdad the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258 is traditionally seen as the approximate end of the Islamic Golden Age a majority of their most important documents and schools were also a majority of their population was there. The translation of the Islamic texts into Latin occurred during the 12th and 13th centuries and had a great impact on the European Renaissance and it helped Europe seize the initiative from the Muslims when the political conditions in Islamic world brought about a decline in Islamic science. By the end of the 18th century, the Scientific Revolution had given birth to the Industrial Revolution which dramatically transformed the daily lives of people ar ound the world. During the 19th century, the practice of science became professionalized and institutionalized in ways that continued through the 20th century. According to History.com, the scientific revolution was the prelude of a much bigger transformation, the Industrial Revolution which began in the 1760s. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history and a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industry, agriculture, and the invention of the steam engine played central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw major changes in transportation and banking systems. These changes had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions in England, and then subsequently spreading throughout the world. The first Industrial Revolution which took place from 1760 to somewhere between 1820 and 1840 evolved into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850 and continued through the 19th century. However, the date of origin is still a highly debated topic among historians. While it is difficult to explain all of the examples of how technology has infl uenced culture and vice versa, reviewing a few examples from the last few centuries it is clear that the technology developed during and after the Industrial Revolution has changed cultures from simple farming villages to modern hustling cities and sprawling suburbs. What then is the relationship between Science, Technology, and Culture? It is an intricate relationship that forms a figurative circle of influence with no real start or end points. Science, Technology, and Culture continue to influence one another as they evolve and change over time. From the 19th century onward science, technology and culture have significantly influenced one another. As cultures change so does the technology they develop. A contemporary writer Raymond Williams, in his book Culture and Society, regards the concept of culture as consisting of four jointly applicable meanings: Culture is thus the totality of the technological, sociological and ideological features of a given society. Rationality, utility, ethics, freedom, and sociality are the central cultural elements of our societies. Because science and technology rest on these central cultural elements, the adoption of new knowledge and new devices does not always imply their acceptance. We often accept an innova tion owing to its evident utility at the individual level, and then criticize it for its consequences at the collective or cultural level. Science and technology can contribute to the preservations and advancement of culture. At the same time, they can also help cause its mutation and destruction. Science has contributed a great deal to human welfare. It has produced miraculous cures for diseases which for a long time, were regarded incurable. It has brought the marvels on industrialism, technology and space exploration. But science has created as many problems as it helped to solve. It has led to undue stress on materialism and economic barbarism in the absence of controlling mental and moral ideas. The knowledge and power of science need to be harnessed to the service of man through the culture the finer sense and sensitivity of man. For instance, beginning in the mid-1950s, the post-war years in Western Germany were marked by enormous obstacles. Due to extensive bombing destruction and dismantling of factories, various cultural and traditional supply networks were destroyed. Under this circumstance what role did culture play in the technological development of Western Germany? Stokes had argued that the way Western Germany approached technological change bound economic miracle both German past and to the country’s present-day industrial structure. The Western German approach, in other words, has drawn upon a set of German technological traditions that emerged in the large 19th and early 20th centuries, major characteristics of which include a drive for technical excellence tempered by gradual implementation of new technologies. Every human society possesses its own distinct culture so that the members of one society behave differently in some significant respects from members of every other society. Furthermore, human societies are also distributed over very varied regions differing markedly in climate and environment. There also appears to be a very large ethnic, social and cultural differences between the various human communities and their economic conditions. In recent years the impact of culture on technology in most traditional societies has tended to bear on two opposing directions at once. On the one hand, western technology is being sought virtually without limits, on the other hand, there is opposition to certain aspects of western lifestyles, attitudes, and value. This phenomenon is termed as the techno-cultural gap between traditional values and western technology. Now, if we take these issues into full consideration, we are left to conclude that what is needed at this moment is not just an incr ease of international technology transfer nor even the setting up of a screening mechanism permitting only appropriate technologies to be transferred, but rather a major at two levels: the domestic and the international. At the domestic level, it is important to build a popular technological awareness crossing the borderline between the so-called indigenous and modern technology people should become aware of the issues in culture and technology and they can improve their livelihood by modifying and improving indigenous and modern technologies. On the study of science and technology in schools, scientists, technologists and science educationists of different cultures, languages and social systems must build new paradigms for science and technology education from a multicultural perspective. Science and technology must be seen as existing in all cultures, the issues must be taught and the potentials of these must be explored in situations of everyday life. There is a growing awareness of the consequences of the interaction between science, technology, and culture. However, we are just beginning to understand how to reconcile the benefits of science and technology such as higher standards of living, longer life spans, more leisure time, and improved communications with the possibility of reshaping, many cultures and possibly redefining fundamental aspects of society. As science and technology continue to advance, the ways in which people communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge and attitudes toward individuals, as well as local, national, and international communities, will continue to undergo radical change. The continuing development of science and technology is not inherently bad. However, it has the potential to endanger our diversity and traditional knowledge. We must work together to determine how to preserve and foster our cultural heritage at the same time we embrace the future.

Describe and Evaluate Carl Jung’s Theory Concerning...

Describe and evaluate Carl Jung’s theory concerning personality types and show how it might usefully help a therapist to determine the clients therapeutic goals? ~ Word count 2247 Personality can be described as the individual’s characteristic patterns of thought emotion and behaviour together with psychological mechanisms-hidden or not behind those patterns. The influence of both genetics and heredity factors alongside upbringing, culture and experience are recognised as influencing an individual’s personality. Within the counselling arena the client’s unique personality will influence their movement and path to finding solutions to issues and problems they bring. This essay will be evaluating Carl Jung’s type theory of†¦show more content†¦Both ‘thinkers ‘and ‘feelers’ shared the fact that they had a rational perspective of the world as they both require the act of reason. In contrast the functions of ‘sensation’ and ‘intuition’ are both irrational as they do involve reason but instead result from either internal or external stimuli affecting the person. If a person who has a developed ‘sensation’ function they will predominantly perceive the world through their sense organs, whilst someone who is more intuitive inclined will react to the world from a more immediate inner response, for example they rely on their ‘hunches’ or ‘gut reaction’ to an experience. Jung’ theory proposed that when the’ attitude’ and the ‘function’ type of an individual was combined they could be defined into one of a possible eight more refined types. The extraverted sensing type, the introverted sensing type, the extroverted feeling type, the introverted feeling type, the extroverted intuitive type, the introverted intuitive type, the extroverted thinking type and finally the introverted thinking type. According to Jung any personality and behaviour could be fitted into one of these eight types. For example someone who is an extrovert feeling type will enjoy being around people and take pleasure from such things as music or the arts. In contrast anShow MoreRelated‘Describe and Evaluate Carl Jung’s Theory Concerning Personality Types and Show How They Might Usefully Help a Therapist to Determine Therapeutic Goals’4006 Words   |  17 PagesTitle: ‘Describe and evaluate Carl Jung’s theory concerning personality types and show how they might usefully help a therapist to determine therapeutic goals’ Page 1 Introduction In this essay I aim to demonstrate an understanding of Jung’s personality types by describing and evaluating his theory and to show how they might useful in helping a therapist to determine therapeutic goals. I will also look at some of the criticisms levelled at Jung’s theory. Carl Gustav Jung

Implementing School Based Programs On Reducing Absenteeism...

Review of Literature Following is a comprehensive analysis of the articles selected from databases to help answer the posited PICOT question. The search produced eight articles that were most applicable to the implementation of asthma education in school settings. Further, the articles gave invaluable information to answer the writer’s PICOT question. Not only are education interventions mentioned in the selected articles, other modes to decrease absenteeism among school-aged children were discussed in detail. The synthesized information supports the benefits of implementing school-based education to reduce absenteeism and increased disease management. The benefit of school-based programs in reducing absenteeism and improving asthma control is the common theme among the articles written about the subject. Basch (2014) highlights the exemplary approaches to control asthma. Suggestions include implementation of support and management systems, school health and mental health services, asthma education, physical education, and healthy school environments. The study, utilizing a thorough literature review, outlines the prevalence and disparities among youth with asthma. It further illustrates the direct relationship between poorly controlled asthma and the effects on academic achievement. According to Basch, poor asthma control affects cognition, school connectedness and absenteeism. Research states that school-based interventions significantly improves asthma management,Show MoreRelatedAsthma Is A Chronic Lung Disease1566 Words   |  7 PagesAsthma, as defined by the NIH, â€Å"is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.† (National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2015). There are risk factors that may predispose a child to developing asthma, which include having allergies, eczema, and/or having parents who have asthma. Asthma is not a disease thatRead MoreChildhood Asthm A And Public Health Issue2011 Words   |  9 PagesEnvironmental Health Childhood Asthma Erica Apolinar South Florida State College November 1, 2016 Environmental Health Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma is important community and public health issue in Florida. â€Å"Asthma is the third-leading cause of childhood preventable hospitalization in the U.S., and these children are frequent consumers of other healthcare facilities such as emergency rooms, clinics, and private medical practices (Davis, Gordon Burns, 2011).† Collaboration needsRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesfollows: Treat the poor like everyone else. Do not be condescending. Do not make it obvious that someone is poor. Do not prejudge; ask if someone wants to pay on their bill. Remember that people can’t always pay for their medicine. Suggest programs that might help, such as food banks, churches, and clothing centers. Poor people need a lot of support. Many poor people need help to learn how to promote their own health given a paucity of resources. 6. How does homelessness effect the individualRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pages(MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizations or having people workingRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 Pagesrtment of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Prog ra m Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration †¢ Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community HealthRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesAdministration †¢ De pa rtment of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Prog ra m Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration †¢ Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community Health CenterRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesIMPROVEMENTS TITLE I—IMPROVING HEALTH CARE VALUE Subtitle A—Provisions related to Medicare part A Subtitle B—Provisions Related to Part B Subtitle C—Provisions Related to Medicare Parts A and B Subtitle D—Medicare Advantage Reforms Subtitle E—Improvements to Medicare Part D Subtitle F—Medicare Rural Access Protections TITLE II—MEDICARE BENEFICIARY IMPROVEMENTS Subtitle A—Improving and Simplifying Financial Assistance for Low Income Medicare Beneficiaries Subtitle B—Reducing Health Disparities

Every Disease They Are Complications - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 695 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Have you ever wondered why diseases come to be? Diseases exist all around the world, and no one ever wants to get diagnosed by one. Diabetes is one of the many diseases that is a big problem that has affected plenty of people. The average of people who have diabetes is due to poor health, family history, and their diets. Diabetes is a serious disease caused by insulin problems that cant be cured, but can be treated so that a person will not suffer complications. People who do not take care of themselves can get different types of diabetes. Sadly, there are several types of this disease such as type-1 diabetes, type-2 diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. To avoid these types of diabetes, one must take care of themselves by being careful of what one eats. Also, we may find that some foods are delicious to consume, but it may contain unhealthy food products. Furthermore, the Mayo Clinic website explains the signs and symptoms in the following list: Increased thirst, Frequent urination Extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, Presence of ketones in the urine, Fatigue, Irritability, Blurred vision, Slow healing sores, and Frequent infections(Mayo Clinic). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Every Disease They Are Complications" essay for you Create order If people around the world ate fruit and vegetables every day, their chances of living a long life will be accurate. By eating fast food, candy, or anything that contains too much sugar can cause you to get diabetes because eating these kinds of foods everyday will make your blood weak, and your body will not be normal. Unfortunately, when a person is diagnosed with a type of diabetes they are still ways to go on with life through treatments. For example, mostly anyone with diseases get prescribed medications by their doctors, and also are advised to exercise and change their diet. By making these changes in lifestyle, one can lead a fulfilling life. However, with every disease they are complications that can occur. For instance, diabetes may contain complications that may make it difficult to get through daily life. On the Mayo Clinic website it also says, If you have diabetes, you are more likely to have heart disease or stroke (Mayo Clinic). As one can see, this illness is dangerous in how it can affect the inside of the human body. Typically, one with any disease cannot do the same task that a normal person can do. Therefore, this disease may have risk factors that can affect people around them. Although, people eat the right food and stay healthy, some people can get diabetes when someone in their family has had it. For example, in the article of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases it talks about how one should stay in fit to prevent this illness. The article says, Although you cant change risk factors such as family history, age or ethnicity, you can change lifestyle risk factors around eating, physical activity, weight (NIDDK). In addition, people have the option to live a healthy life to avoid this disorder. Nevertheless, oral manifestation are other bad effects for this disorder. Consuming a lot of foods that contains sugars and acids can affect the enamel of the teeth and can cause them to rot. Also, it can cause damage to the inside of the mouth, and it will make it hard to eat and talk. According to the Diabetes and Periodontal (Gum) Disease article paired with oral hygiene, diabetes can lead to gingivitis, the first stage periodontal disease, or to periodontitis severe gum disease(John Hopkins Medicine). As this explains diabetes inside the mouth can lead to even more diseases. Overall, diabetes is a disease that should be taken serious and consider the risk factors it causes for people who have it. Not only does it affect the way a person eats, but their physical health as well. If a person with diabetes doesnt take care controlling it, it can lead to higher risk of heart disease, stroke, or even the possibility of amputation of the foot. In order to lower the risks, it change of diet and doing exercise as well as taking the proper medications can help a person with diabetes live a normal life.

President Franklin Roosevelt And The Great Depression

On October 29, 1929, the American stock market crashed after years of escalating in an event Americans would forever call â€Å"Black Tuesday† Became America’s most severe economic crash yet Companies quickly went bankrupt, people became unemployed, and the national money supply was depleted. By 1932, nearly one-fourth of America had become unemployed National production was cut in half Soup kitchens, bread lines, and homeless became a regular sight Farmers were forced to leave their crops to rot, leaving more people to go hungry Thousands of banks across America closed down President Herbert Hoover acted on an aloof approach based on his belief that the government should not directly interfere in economic affairs. He told the public that the Great Depression was just a â€Å"passing incident† Because of Hoover’s approach and the millions who were unemployed, the democratic candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected with a large majority in November 1932 Despite the widespread panic and waves of bank failures, FDR maintained a calm and controlled demeanor, motivating many in his inaugural address with his famous quote: â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself† Roosevelt then attempted to end the Great Depression with a series of decisive actions named â€Å"The New Deal† Together with his group of scholars Roosevelt called a ‘brain trust,’ he created a plethora of acts to provide for people’s basic needs The New Deal consisted of four goals: relieving economic troubles of theShow MoreRelatedPresident Franklin Roosevelt And The Great Depression1293 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Great Depression in the early 30s. The late 1930s lead to the presidential election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the led to changes in the United States following the Great Depression. The United States developed into the modern welfare state by 1945 in which was the end of World War II. The specific examples that relate to the changes in 1920 to 1945 are the dollar diplomacy in Haiti and Nicaragua, the first and second New deal established by president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, andRead MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt And The Great Depression3901 Words   |  16 PagesFor the first six years in Office, President Franklin Roosevelt took most of his time coming up with ways of getting the United States out of what has been termed as the Great Depression. However, the President did not ignore the foreign po licy of the United States as he settled for the New Deal. In his heart, Roosevelt believed that America has a significant role to play for the rest of the world, and this was not surprising considering his diplomatic political approaches. All through most partRead MoreThe Great Depression By President Franklin D. Roosevelt1304 Words   |  6 PagesCONTENTS PRINT CITE The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laidRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt And The Great Depression Essay704 Words   |  3 Pageshappened amid the New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt s reaction to the Great Depression. Amid this period in the 1930s, the United States persevered through the most noticeably awful business emergency and the most noteworthy rate of unemployment in its history. Numerous Americans presumed that free private enterprise had fizzled. So they looked to government to straightforwardness hardships and lessen what had all the earmarks of being self-dangerous rivalry. Roosevelt and the Congress institutedRead MoreThe Great Depression By President Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay1931 Words   |  8 PagesThe Great Depression was one of the about important milestones in American history. The Great Depression (1929-1939) was the deepest and also the longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began trailing the straw hat circuit market have a go at each other on October 1929, which sent Wall Street facing a spasm and wiped on the wrong track millions of investors. Over the eventually ten forever and ever, consumer purchasingRead MoreThe Great Depression By President Franklin D. Roosevelt2478 Words   |  10 Pagescetera. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave his first inaugural address, in which he spoke those famous words that would be heard for decades to come: â€Å"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself —nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Roosevelt). While these words were referencing the Great Depression, they can apply to the nation’s reaction to 9/11. After the attack on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001, Americans learned to fear an entire group of people. President Bush addressedRead MoreThe Great Depression : President s Franklin Roosevelt And Herbert Hoover1033 Words   |  5 PagesMorgan Ricks History 2223 31 March 2015 The Great Depression President s Franklin Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover were both faced with the challenge of the Great Depression, and if the were here today I feel they would each deal with the healthcare issue in America in different ways. Each president handled this massive challenge in very different ways. Today, a lot of controversy is on our nation’s health care, and the Obamacare Act. In my opinion, Roosevelt would more than likely help encourage thisRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelts Presidency Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was our nations thirty second president. Unlike all the other presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected for four consecutive terms. However he died in the first year of his fourth term. During his prolonged presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many incredible things as our Nations leader. He pulled us out of the great depression, dealt with civil rights issues, created many reforms for our nation including the twenty-first amendm ent, handled the attack on PearlRead MoreTaking a look at the Great Depression 795 Words   |  3 Pages Great Depression The great depression was one of the worst disasters that occurred in U.S history. October 29, 1929, is the day the stock market crashed, and that day was the beginning of The â€Å"Great Depression†. Many US citizens suffered through this depression, children couldn’t go to school because their parents couldn’t afford to buy school supplies, and children had to work at a young age. Families lost their homes to the bank and they were forced to create homes out of driftwoodRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt New Deals1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression was an economic and social blow to the American people, people were out of job, food, money and homes while society turned everyone against each other it was everyman for himself. President Franklin D. Roosevelt new deals were effect in providing jobs to the men of the families starting from the oldest to the youngest men in the family. The New Deal improved both the economic and social l ives of the American people. The Great Depression caused a deafening blow in the economy

The Plot in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Essay - 1166 Words

The play A Doll House (1879), by Henrik Ibsen, has a realistic feel that compels the reader to identify with the main characters and the situation that they find themselves facing. The wife, Nora, is in all but one scene, and nearly all the scenes occur in a single room. She is the main character, and it is her unraveling and self-discovery that the reader is spectator to. Act I begins by introducing Nora Helmer. She enters the room carrying packages and eating macaroons. Noras husband, Torvald, enters the living room as Nora quickly hides her sweets from him. This interaction sets the world of the play, acting as the prologue. We learn that Torvald has forbidden her to eat macaroons, or any sweets, in order to keep her teeth†¦show more content†¦Nora shares with Mrs. Linde about the vacation they took to Italy and how it was her father who had paid their way. The reader is suspicious; Nora may be lying, and, in fact, the reader quickly finds that she is. When Mrs. Linde makes an off-hand remark about how na#239;ve and childish Nora is, Nora rushes to boast that in fact her father did not pay for their vacation but that she, Nora, had taken out a loan herself in order to save her husbands life. This is the beginning of the rising action, with the first complication following as the reader learns that Torvald does not know of Noras actions even after eight years of marriage. Nora goes a step further as questioning continues and admits to Mrs. Linde that shell keep the revelation of that secret from Torvald until such time as she needs it for leverage, such as when her looks and charm wear off. Just how important the `secret is to the play becomes evident in the chain of events surrounding the misunderstood Krogstads first visit to the Helmer home. Krogstad loaned Nora the money and now works at the bank with Torvald. His reputation was sullied years before for actions very similar to Noras. Nora begins to show the fragility of her fa#231;ade by wringing her hands and whispering to herself. Moments later, Nora thinks about Krogstad being dependent on Torvald and laughs out loud in front of Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde. It is the first sign thatShow MoreRelatedHerik Ibsen: Father of Modern Drama1459 Words   |  6 PagesCondor Mrs. Besnard IB English HL2 21 November 2013 Henrik Ibsen as â€Å"The Father of Modern Drama† Henrik Ibsen has long been referred to as the Father of Modern Drama, and such title has rightly been given so. Mr. Ibsen was one of the pioneer theatre dramaturges that began the Modernism Movement, primarily known as the Realism Movement. Modernism/Realism was a revolutionary idea back in Ibsen s time. Many concepts of theater - including plots, dialogue, and characters – were renovated in orderRead MoreA Doll’s House play by Henrik Ibsen shares many comparisons and contrasts with the short story â€Å"The1300 Words   |  6 PagesA Doll’s House play by Henrik Ibsen shares many comparisons and contrasts with the short story â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin. In fact, Ibsen’s play premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark on December 21, 1879. This play aroused significant changes in the attitudes towards 19th century marriages (princeton.edu). Interestingly, â€Å"The Storm† stands as the sequel to Chopin’s other short s tory â€Å"At the Cadian Ball†. Kimbel wrote in his article on Dictionary of Literary Biography, â€Å"Her first twoRead MoreA Dolls House And Goblin Market And A Dolls House930 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play ‘A Doll’s House’, written in 1879, and Christina Rossetti’s poem ‘Goblin Market’, written in 1862, both demonstrate that an appetite for power, knowledge, sex, and money have an ultimately destructive affect upon their characters. An appetite for power, and therefore control, is quintessential to the plot of Henrik Ibsen’s play: ‘A Doll’s House’ and Christina Rossetti’s poem: ‘Goblin Market’. The importance of power is first evident in the martial relationship between Nora andRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1293 Words   |  6 Pages1879 A Doll’s House by Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen was banned throughout Britain as it challenged ideologies specific to those of Europe during the late nineteenth century. The drama presents itself as a social commentary by provoking the conservative ideals of the role of women and marriage. In the twenty-first century the performance stands harmless. Contrariwise, women of the Victorian age were seen as childlike and subservient, which resulted in much controversy surrounding Ibsen’s modern ideasRead MoreThe Power of Relationship in Hemingways Cat in the Rain and Ibsens A Dolls House651 Words   |  3 Pagesà ¯ » ¿The power of relationship is a major theme in both Hemingways Cat in the Rain, and in Ibsens A Dolls House. In both stories, patriarchy is the pervasive social structure under which the individual relationships develop. Relationship therefore defines and reinforces gender roles and norms. The heterosexual dynamic also constructs and reinforces individual identity. Romantic relationships have the power to perpetuate social norms and values, especially those related to gender. Furthermore,Read MoreNora s Escape From Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay2552 Words   |  11 PagesHonors Modern Literature 7 October 2016 Nora’s Escape Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House follows Nora’s struggles to escape the firm grasp of her domineering husband. Throughout the novel, Nora is depicted as obedient to her husband, Torvald, and never dares to stand up to him. Torvald’s condescension and thinly veiled misogyny continuously confines Nora to her strict 19th century gender role. The title of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House mirrors Nora’s sense of oppression and lack of agency as sheRead MoreUse of Symbols in Ibsens Play, A Dolls House Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesto stimulate the mind. Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House, is filled with symbols that represent abstract ideas and concepts. These symbols successfully illustrate the inner conflicts that are going on between the characters. A few of the symbols are the Christmas tree, New year’s day, the title of the book and the nicknames Torvald called Nora emphasizes a theme of comparing perfect marriage relationship to the reality of the relationship, that is an artificial â€Å"Doll’s House† relationship. TheRead MoreWomens Role in Society Analyzed and Debated in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House918 Words   |  4 Pagesthe role of women in society has been analyzed and frequently debated throughout history. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is no exception to the rule. In Norway, and during the Victorian period in history, women’s responsibilities were simply to keep house or do small jobs on the side such as sewing or light secretarial work. 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Problems Involved in Creation of Electronic Contracts

Question: Discuss about the Problems Involved in Creation of Electronic Contracts. Answer: Introduction: Any and all agreements which are created, executed and signed in electronic form, rather than using the traditional way of using paper or hard copies are essentially what is known as Electronic Contracts. In such cases, the contracts are created and modeled by a software system itself. There are essentially two types of Electronic Contracts which are prevalent in the market at present, they being - a) World Wide Web Contracts and b) E-Mail Contracts. In general terms, such contracts are executed in a very similar way as traditional contracts themselves, where the vendor usually puts up his or her goods for sale, along with the prices of such goods to the prospective buyers in electronic form, the prospective buyer goes through the terms and conditions and if willing, declares his intention to buy them by making the payment for it. Once the payment has been made, the goods are delivered to the buyer by the seller. However, due to the fact that these contracts are generally concluded online, in the absence of hard copies as contracts, certain problems may and does crop up, sometimes. Problems Associated with Electronic Contracts: Some of the problems which are generally associated with execution of Contracts in electronic Forms are: Safety Issues: There is always a looming possibility while using E-Contarcts, that a consumer might provide his signature in an unsecured form, such as scanning an image of his original signature and uploading it online, which might be used by hackers for unethical and fraudulent purposes. Evidentiary Value: In certain situation, to be admissible as evidence, Contracts needs to be signed as well as stamped. However, more often than not, E-Contacts does not have the provisions of being signed and this results in their evidentiary value lowering in the court of law. No Chance of Negotiation: In E-Contracts, there is a very little scope for the willing buyer to negotiate the terms of the contract. Especially in cases of Shrink wrap contracts or click wrap contracts, where a purchaser, gives his assent by clicking on the I Do or the I Agree tab, the buyer has no opportunity to put forth his terms and conditions and generally has to accept whatever the buyer wants to impose on him .Moreover, with regards to section 16 of the Indian Contracts Act 1872, this kind of situation might open up the flood gates for litigations involving the concept of Undue Influence as well. Governing Law or Jurisdiction of the Court: With regards to E-Contract, there is always a possibility of dispute with regards to the jurisdiction of the court for settling such disputes. In the case of R.Transport Agency Vs. Union of India and others (AIR 2006 All 23), the jurisdiction of court in settling a dispute with regards to E Contracts came to the fore. In that case, P.R. Transport Agencys (PRTA) bid for around 4000 metric tonnes of coal was accepted in the bidding process established by Bharat Coking Coal Ltd (BCA). In lieu of such acceptance, an email was sent to the bidding company, initiating them of the acceptance of the bid. Consequently, P.R. Transport Agency, provided a check amounting to Rs.81 lakhs to Bharat Coking Coal ltd, which was accepted and encashed as well. However, on the date of delivery, BCA failed to deliver the required amount of coal to PRTA, and instead mailed them about the sale and bid being cancelled due to certain technical reasons. PRTA, as such decided to bring a claim against BCA and approached the Allahabad High Court for the same. BCA in turn challenged the Allahabad high courts jurisdiction. The Court, while deciding the matter with regards to the jurisdiction of the court in cases of electronic contracts, held that in case of contracts concluded by emails, the data of the email can be dispersed from anywhere in the world, after which it needs to fed in the memory of the server which can be located anywhere in the world, followed by acceptance of such data by the addressee account holder from any part of the world. As such, in these types of cases, there is no fixed point for transmission or acceptance and thus the matter is really problematic. Contracts which only be concluded when they are in Hard Copy: There are certain contracts which can only be concluded in the hard form and their electronic form is not acceptable. Some of these types of contracts are Wills, Adoption Papers, Court Notices etc. Conclusion: The above are the certain problems which are associated with E-Contracts and are needed to be dealt with, before such electronic contracts can fully replace the traditional paper ones. Reference List: Academia.edu. (2016).E Contracts and Issues Involved. [online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8719077/E_Contracts_and_Issues_Involved [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Ayres, I., 2012.Studies in Contract Law. Foundation Press. Burton, S.J., 2012. Principles of contract law. Cartwright, J., 2016.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing. Hunter, H., 2015. Modern Law of Contracts. Jain, S., 2016. Electronic Contracts: Nature, Types and Legal Challenges.Types and Legal Challenges (May 26, 2016). Legalserviceindia.com. (2016).E-contracts and issues involved in its formation. [online] Available at: https://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l350-E-contracts--issues-involved-in-its-formation.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Nolo.com. (2016).Electronic Signatures and Online Contracts | Nolo.com. [online] Available at: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/electronic-signatures-online-contracts-29495.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Palanissamy, A., 2013. Legal Issues in e-Commerce and e-Contracting-An Overview of Initiatives in Malaysia.International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning,3(2), p.173. Puil, J.V.D. and Weele, A.V., 2014. Contract Law and Tort Law. InInternational Contracting: Contract Management in Complex Construction Projects(pp. 285-292). Www2.rmcil.edu. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www2.rmcil.edu/dataanalytics/v2015/papers/Problems_of_Signing_Electronic_Contract.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016].